Undergraduate Theses

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Records management practices in the coastal barangays of San Fernando City, La Union:
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-10) Gaceta, Decerie Mae A.; Binensig, Erica D.; Fortes, Jeriz Yvone M.; Ugay, Justine Mae B.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
An efficient organization process where people are responsible for their own records is one method in staying current with records management trends. The study determined the Records Management practices, the extent, and strength and constraints of coastal barangays in City of San Fernando, La Union to know in which area they have limitations in order to develop a training design to upskill the respondents. Descriptive Research design was employed in the determination of the Records Management Practices of 65 Barangay Officials. The strength and constraints of the respondents in records management were determined as the basis in the formulation of the training design. Frequency counts and percentage is used in the profile and in records management practices. Median is used in the extent of practices. Majority of the respondents are degree holders, and records management is highly practiced Constraints of the respondents is the disposition of records in their barangays.
Records management practices in the inland barangays of San Fernando City, La Union:
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-10) Termo, Jackielyn L.; Sotelo, Jennifer C.; Suyat, Jalen Rose H.; Toledo, Evangeline B.; Uy, Mariztel R.; Gacayan, Danielle B.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Records Management is the managerial activities involved with respect to records creation, records distribution, records utilization, records maintenance and records disposition in order to achieve adequate and proper documentation of policies and transactions of government for its efficient, effective and economical operation. Descriptive research method was used in the determination of the records management practices of 168 barangay officials. Frequency counts and percentage were used in the profile and records management practices. Median was used in extent of practice and strengths and constraints. The seminars and training attended by the respondents are not related to records management. The records management was practiced by the inland barangays. The extent of practice of the respondents in records management practices is highly practiced. Majority of the practices are strengths while the constraints are used as a basis to develop a training design.
Time management strategies on flexible learning of college students in DMMMSU MLUC
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-08) Duclayan, Carl Jenver P.; Corpuz, Trisha Mae J.; Ducusin, Johnver R.; Dulay, Precie Mae G.; Estabillo, Mary Grace D.; Nonan, Jenny E.; Ancheta, Marifel D.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Records management is the planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involved in records creation, maintenance and use, and disposition to achieve adequate and proper documentation. This study determined the extent practice of the Upland Barangays in the City of San Fernando, La Union regarding records management or records creation. The collected data regarding to the personal profile, seminars or training attended for the last three (3) years and the records management practices of the respondents, a survey questionnaire instrument was administered to the eighty-four (84) barangay officials in different Upland Barangays in the City of San Fernando, La Union. Frequency counts, percentage, and median were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that the respondent barangay officials of the Upland Barangays in the City of San Fernando, La Union were mostly women and trained for handling different records as well as by handling and filing confidential records to protect one’s personal information. A training design was developed to upskill the barangay officials in terms of records management.
ICT literacy of frontline offices in the 3rd and 4th class municipalities of district 1 La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Doloque, Jenny M.; Balanon, Jearylle B.; Bulawan, Marielle Joy R.; Castanares, Joshua R.; Del Rosario, Zyra Mae D.; Galleta, Darwin T.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
The ICT literacy refers to having the ability, skills, and knowledge in the use of digital technology, manage, evaluate, and create information. The level of ICT literacy in terms of ICT Basics, Word processing, Spreadsheet and Presentation were determined, the challenges were identified and used as the basis in the training design. In determining the ICT literacy of 183 frontline office staff from the 3rd and 4lh class municipalities of District 1 La Union, Quantitative-descriptive research design was used. The data gathered were analyzed using frequency count and percentage. Findings revealed that the following got an Expert Level of ICT Literacy: Luna, for ICT Basics; San Gabriel and Sudipen, for Word Processing; San Gabriel for Spreadsheet; and San Gabriel, La Union for Presentation. The highest ICT challenges for ICT Basics were: accessing in house or external support as needed; for Word processing, applying automatic formatting; for Spreadsheet, generating formulas using arithmetic and logical; for Presentation, choosing a presentation technique. An intervention program was developed to upskill the ICT literacy of Frontline office staff.
Development of malted mung bean (Vignaradiata) biscotti
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2025-11) Garcia, Phoebus Apollo E.; Co, Ma. Kyla Crissele D.; Godoy, Raven Janzie C.; Navarro, Jason F.; Sanchez, Martin James C.; Ramirez, Edren F.; Hufana, Zhelyn A.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Cacanindin, Geremy S.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
This study focused on developing Malted Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Biscotti, a healthy and plant based snack alternative. The objectives were to standardize the formulation process, evaluate the sensory qualities, assess microbiological safety, determine physicochemical properties, measure consumer acceptability, estimate shelf life, compute production cost, and design a marketing plan. Using developmental, descriptive, experimental, and quantitative research designs, this study tested three formulations of Malted Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Biscotti. Treatment 3 emerged as the most acceptable based on sensory evaluations, excelling in appearance, aroma, taste, and texture. Microbiological analysis confirmed safety, while physicochemical tests showed low moisture content (4.58%) and water activity (0.31), indicating product stability. The crackers-maintained quality for up to 32 days at room temperature and demonstrated high acceptability across age groups. Cost analysis revealed the competitive pricing. A marketing plan emphasized health benefits, as innovation, and
Flood susceptibility of coastal Municipalities in the Province of La Union using Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) techniques
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2025-05) Bellong, Hermond D.
In response to the 2023 data release, it has become evident that a new and comprehensive flood susceptibility map for the Province of La Union is critically needed. Hence, this research examines flood susceptibility trends in La Union's coastal municipalities and explores how Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)—a tool recently introduced to all Provincial and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officers (MDRRMOs) in the province—can be effectively applied to model and map flood-risk areas. The most important physico-climatic factors considered in this study include land use/land cover (LULC), elevation, slope, rainfall, and flow length. Using a quantitative approach, the MDRRMOs completed AHP checklists to assign weights to each parameter. The results revealed that the most flood-prone areas are the City of San Fernando, Bauang, Luna, Bangar, and Agoo, primarily due to their low elevations, proximity to the coast, and highly intensive land use. The generated flood susceptibility map provides valuable information for local authorities to support land-use planning, infrastructure development, and disaster preparedness. The study demonstrates the potential of integrating GIS and AHP in assessing flood risk, thereby facilitating sustainable and science-based disaster management in coastal communities prone to flooding.
Effects of Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) kunth ex walph.) Biochar and Oyster lime soil amendments on the early growth of Cacao (Theobroma cacao l.) seedlings under acidic soils
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2025-05) Atiga, Margie Lhen L.; Calaunan, Jake F.
Cacao production is challenged by soil degradation and acidity, often worsened by improper fertilizer use. Effective soil management is essential for sustainable Cacao cultivation. This study investigated the effects of kakawate biochar and oyster lime on the growth and survival of UF18 Cacao seedlings in a nursery setting, using a Completely Randomized Design with the following treatments: T₀ – acidic garden soil (100%); T₁ – acidic garden soil (100%) + complete fertilizer; T₂ – acidic garden soil (50%) + kakawate biochar (50%); T₃ – acidic garden soil (50%) + oyster lime (50%); T₄ – acidic garden soil (50%) + kakawate biochar (25%) + oyster lime (25%). Results showed no significant effects on seedling height, diameter, leaf count, root length, or dry weights after 150 days, but a 100% survival rate was achieved. Biochar and lime applications raised soil pH from 5.18 to 8.36, with T₁ leading to acidification (pH 4.54). Treatment T₁ increased available phosphorus to 34.32 mg/kg and cation exchange capacity to 38.97 cmol/kg, while T₂ had the highest organic matter at 3.57% but lower cation exchange capacity (21.09 cmol/kg). Treatments T₃ and T₄ maintained stable calcium levels, with T₄ increasing sodium to 0.74 cmol/kg. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate soil amendments, such as T₁ for phosphorus availability and T₄ for balanced soil health, to enhance soil properties and nutrient access in Cacao production.
Avifauna diversity of Bauang Bakawan Eco-tourism park, La Union, Philippines
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2025-03) Abenes, Christ Ivan C.
Despite the ecological significance of mangrove ecosystems, there is a lack of updated and site-specific data on avian diversity within many local eco-tourism parks in the Philippines, including the Bauang Bakawan Eco-Tourism Park (BBETP). To address this, the study assessed the avifaunal diversity of BBETP to support evidence-based conservation strategies and sustainable habitat management. The study employed the point count method using ten established observation points, each with a 250 m radius, to collect data on avifaunal presence, endemism, conservation status, avian community structure, and diversity. The study recorded a total of 627 individual birds, representing 20 species across 13 families. The Golden-bellied Gerygone was recorded as the most dominant. Twelve of these species are native, four are migratory birds, two are endemic, and another two are introduced species. Nineteen species are classified as least concern, while one species, the Java Sparrow, is considered endangered. The park showed high evenness (J'= 0.88) and moderate diversity (H' = 2.64) indicating a well-balanced and stable avian community, suggesting that the park provides suitable and evenly distributed resources that support diverse bird species. This underscores the ecological value of BBETP as a favorable habitat for avian biodiversity and highlights its potential for sustainable conservation and eco-tourism.
Job satisfaction and job performance of municipal trial court employees of District II, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-08) Marcena, Mary-Ann E.; Alcantara, Bhea D.; Lopez, Rizza Mae A.; Luga, Christine Niebryn C.; Patacsil, Lorna P.; Nullar, Rahfie C.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Job Satisfaction represent how happy the employees to their work and organization. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Municipal Trial Court Employees in District II, La Union. It also considers their satisfaction level and their performance. The participants were sixty-one (61) employees working in MTC in District II, La Union. Descriptive methods were employed. Respondents data was analyzed using mean, median, and Spearman rho correlation in Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics. To measure the level of job satisfaction, seven aspects of job satisfaction were identified, and individual performance commitment and review form were used to assess employee performance. The findings demonstrate that there is no significant relationship between job satisfaction and job performance, or there is a low correlation. Furthermore, the findings revealed that employees can perform well whether they are satisfied or not with their jobs.
Records management practices in the upland barangays of San Fernando City, La Union: Input to training program
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-10) Arcilla, Ashley Mae J.; Apigo, Jerwin T.; Apilado, Jessica P.; Baliton, Arabela G.; Benitez, John Maverick C.; Nonan, Jenny E.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Palabay, Lher Verell S.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Ochoa, Mark Anthony C.
Records management is the planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involved in records creation, maintenance and use, and disposition to achieve adequate and proper documentation. This study determined the extent practice of the Upland Barangays in the City of San Fernando, La Union regarding records management or records creation. The collected data regarding to the personal profile, seminars or training attended for the last three (3) years and the records management practices of the respondents, a survey questionnaire instrument was administered to the eighty-four (84) barangay officials in different Upland Barangays in the City of San Fernando, La Union. Frequency counts, percentage, and median were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that the respondent barangay officials of the Upland Barangays in the City of San Fernando, La Union were mostly women and trained for handling different records as well as by handling and filing confidential records to protect one’s personal information. A training design was developed to upskill the barangay officials in terms of records management.
ICT competency of BSOA students of DMMMSU MLUC
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-10) Reyes, Eunice Ann B.; Oblero, Jobelle C.; Parong, Karen C.; Rendon, Raiza A.; Reyes, Nelmer L.; Galleta, Darwin T.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Patacsil, Lorna P.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Ochoa, Mark Anthony C.
The BSOA students need to be ICT literate to be prepared and soon will be faced the demands of a computer-based work that need to have these competencies. Thus, this study on ICT COMPETENCY OF BSOA STUDENTS OF DMMMSU-MLUC was conceptualized to assess the status of competence and significant differences of the respondents and design an intervention program. The study used descriptive statistics to describe the profile and status of ICT competence of the students. The researchers administered the survey instrument by personally conducting hands-on test to the respondents. The finding of the study showed that almost all of the respondents are skilled and knowledgeable in ICT areas. The competence of the respondents in ICT areas denied the concept of significant difference across the respondents' profile. An intervention program was developed to upskill the ICT skills of BSOA students to meet all the ICT competency.
Knowledge management awareness of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Mid-La Union Campus
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Nebres, Sheena Rose G.; Castaneda, Joshua V.; Jadraque, Lored Liam Xyfer B.; Mariscotes, Jan Michael B.; Nariz, Shaira May P.; Galleta, Darwin T.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Ancheta, Marifel D.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Ochoa, Mark Anthony C.
Knowledge Management is an integrated approach that offers the ability to make information available for the right people, to get the right knowledge at the right time. This study determined the knowledge management awareness of the teaching and non-teaching personnel of DMMMSU, Mid-La Union Campus. A quantitative-descriptive research design was used to obtain the profile and level of knowledge management awareness of 229 employees using an adapted survey questionnaire checklist, which were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages,5-point Likert scale, and Kruskal Wallis. The findings revealed that the teaching and non-teaching personnel are (55.89%) female, (46.72%) middle-aged, (54.14%) educationally competent, with (48.03%) designations mostly in their respective colleges, where almost half are (46.28%)in service for less than five years and have attended few knowledge management related trainings and seminars. Further, the findings indicated that the employees were (4) highly aware of knowledge management and their participation to trainings and seminars was found to be significant of their being aware of knowledge management.
Preferred office skills for secretaries of business establishments in City of San Fernando La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-10) Soriano, Arnel C.; Gonzales, Dessery Mae C.; Nebrija, Beverly Ann L.; Picardal, Jannah Rue Fachia B.; Galleta, Darwin T.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Ancheta, Marifel D.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Ochoa, Mark Anthony C.
This study aimed to determine the preferred office skills for secretaries needed in business establishments. There were total of 34 respondents in the said study who were the office managers/business owners/HR of the business establishments in City of San Fernando La Union. The questionnaire was adopted from the study of Hidalgo el al, 2021. The researchers identified the profile of the respondents as to their age, civil status, and educational attainment. Frequency Counts and Percentages were used to analyze and interpret the preferred profile of respondents and their preferred office skills. The Pearson Correlation test was used to determine the skills preferred by employers. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents preferred secretaries aged between 18-25 and 26-33. Based on educational attainment most of the preferred secretaries are college graduates. It appears that there is no significant relationship between the preferred age to preferred office skills. A training design was developed to upskill the BSOA student in terms of office competencies.
ICT literacy of frontline offices in the fifth class municipalities of district 2 La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-08) Leganio, Michael A.; Chan, Mc Daniel C.; Garcia, Lara Roxanne C.; Molina, Ericka R.; Posidio, Peter James E.; Tabas, Christian Jarold P.; Galleta, Darwin T.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
ICT literacy is becoming an increasingly essential ability and strategic organizational resources needed by individuals in the workplace. The study determined the level of ICT literacy of frontline office employees in the 5th class municipalities of District 2 La Union in terms of: ICT basics, word processing, spreadsheet and presentation; challenges faced by the respondents; and formulation of intervention program. Quantitative-descriptive type of research-was employed in the determination of level of ICT Literacy of 150 respondents. An adapted survey questionnaire served as the instrument in gathering data and data-were statistically treated using frequency counts, percentages and average. The findings show that the respondents were experts of ICT literacy in ICT basics, word processing, spreadsheet and presentation and ICT Basics got the highest number of challenges and prepare trouble/failure reports was considered the most challenging task in ICT Basics. Intervention program was developed to upskill frontline office employees.
Financial behavior of micro and small enterprise owners in the City of San Fernando, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-06) Munar, Renz Daniel A.; Andres, Zyra C.; Balanon, Ily Diane G.; Dulay, Marlyn Joy B.; Montañez, Rachelle Anne M.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Javonitalla, Josephine G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Micro and small enterprises are the pillars of the economic growth of developing countries around the world. Financial behavior shows how entrepreneurs practice budgeting, saving, spending, and borrowing; it isa part of financial literacy which applies to contribute financial well-being of persons positively. This study determined the Financial Behavior of Micro and Small Enterprise Owners in the City of San Fernando, La Union. A cross-sectional research design was used in obtaining the profile and financial behavior of micro and small enterprise owners, data were gathered from 261 micro and small enterprise owners using a validated and reliable survey questionnaire and analyze using frequency counts and percentages, median, and Spearman’s Rho. Findings revealed that the profile of micro and small enterprise owners in the City of San Fernando, La Union is not correlated with their financial behavior.
Operations and profitability of laundry and dry-cleaning shops in the City of San Fernando, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Casison, Lea Angelica L.; Amboni, Erika Maree A.; Calub, Jhemm Angelica J.; Gacayan, Ghemarie D.; Palisoc, Grimlee Ira G.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Laundry has observed a huge transformation in the last few years from washing clothes at home to coin-operated washing machines toon-demand services, which include pick-up and drop-off services. This study determined the Operations and Profitability of Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Shops in the City of San Fernando, La Union. Data were gathered from 36 laundry and dry-cleaning shops in the City of San Fernando, La Union using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, profitability ratios, Cramer’s V, and Spearman Rho. Findings revealed that all of the operations management practices such as service promotion, type of services, service pricing, operating schedule, no. of equipment and machines, payment method and delivery method of the respondents were practiced, and they have been profitable from 2020-2022. Moreover, the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between their operations management practices and profitability.
Financial management strategies of small grocery stores in San Fernando City La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Carim, Nor Fatima M.; Boado, Rechelle L.; Tangalin, Jenny Rose D.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Grocery stores are stores where people purchase most of their food and other needs yet most of them know almost nothing about how they operate or where the food they sell come from. This study aimed to identify the financial management strategies of small grocery stores in San Fernando City, La Union. Data were gathered from 35 registered small grocery stores in San Fernando City, La Union using validated survey questionnaires and were analyzed using frequency, percentage and Cramer's V Test. Findings revealed that small grocery stores in San Fernando City, La Union were implementing financial management strategies which included preparing cash budget, financial planning, acquiring funds using personal savings and loans, trading with different suppliers who offered discounts and lowest price. Further, there is no significant relationship between their business location, number of years in operations, form of ownership, and number of suppliers to their forecasting and budgeting, acquisition of funds and maintaining proper liquidity.
Financial performance of selected school supplies businesses in San Fernando City, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Ellson, Charnes C.; Garcia, Recybell M.; Licudine, Sheena Jane A.; Occasion, Charlotte A.; Orallo, Aimee N.; Parrocha, Hernan L.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Businesses have been an essential part of an economy and the school supplies industry has room for innovation for the potential growth of the business. The study determined the level of financial performance of selected school supplies businesses in San Fernando City, La Union. Data from 23 selected school supplies were gathered using validated questionnaire and were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, ratio analysis, mean, Cramer’s V correlation and Spearman Rho correlation. The results of the study revealed that most of the selected school supplies have a capitalization up to P3,000,000. Majority are owned and run by one person, most are located near a school, and are operating for an average of 16 years. The findings also revealed that selected school supplies in the municipality have a good liquidity, profitability and stability ratios and there is no significant relationship between the selected school supplies profile and their financial performance.
Unlocking the future:
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-05) Ballada, Tzietle A.; Camacho, Mark John G.; Dumaguin, Maria Fatima M.; Panelo, Mark Justine B.; Rimas, Hanna Faith M.; Parrocha, Maricel C.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of money secured by cryptography, makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Familiarity with cryptocurrency empowers individuals to navigate the evolving landscape of digital finance and participate in its potential for innovation and growth. This study determines the unlocking future, navigating the world of cryptocurrency investments. A quantitative descriptive method and correlational research design was utilized, gathered data using researcher administered survey questionnaires to find out the level of familiarity and perceptions of employed workers on cryptocurrency, around the central business district of the City of San Fernando, La Union. However, the findings indicate that while there is a notable level of familiarity with cryptocurrency among participants, the majority are still unfamiliar with it. Interestingly, a significant portion express interest in investing in cryptocurrency, although nearly half do not. Overall, there appears to be a growing positive inclination towards cryptocurrency investment.
Peanut Dehulling machine
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-05) Corpuz, Jaycer M.; Flores Klarize G.; Gagua, Donn Winard C.; Laron, Aaron V.; Letran, Dryx Gerard A.
An efficient peanut dehulling machine was created to remove peanuts from their shells for fast dehulling. Project Developmental Design employed as the research methodology for its systematic designing, development and evaluation process as well as the use of the Engineering Design Process (EDP) to establish the effectiveness of the machine. Findings show that the Peanut Dehulling Machine has a high throughput capacity of 25.78 g/sec and a shelling efficiency of 98.49 %. It has a material efficiency of 83.2%, low damaged peanuts of 16.6%, and high cleaning efficiency of 96.86%. Succinctly, the overall efficiency of the machine is 79.37 % which shows that the Dehulling Machine machine is effective.

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