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- Publications by researchers, faculty members, staff, and students of DMMMSU.
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Recent Submissions
Efficacy of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaf extract against gastrointestinal parasites of goats
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2009-03) Velasco, Mary Ann B.
This study was conducted to: 1) determine the phytochemical composition of Mahkota Dewa leaves; 2) identify the species of gastrointestinal parasites present in the experimental animals; 3) determine the efficacy of Mahkota Dewa leaf extract (MDLE) against gastrointestinal parasites of goats; and 4) determine the species of gastrointestinal parasites affected by MDLE.
Dried and ground leaves stored in properly labelled and sealed plastic bags was brought to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Industrial Technology and Develpoment Institute (ITDI), Standards and Testing Division (STD), Manila for phytochemical analysis.
Fifteen goats were used in the study. Prior to the treatment, fecal examination was done to identify the gastrointestinal parasites and determine the pre treatment EPG count. After the treatment, fecal samples were collected on the first, second, third, seventh, fourteenth and twenty-eight days and were analyzed at Institute of Veterinary Medicine (IVM), Parasitology Laboratory, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union using McMaster and Modified Stoll’s Method of fecalysis. Five treatments replicated thrice were used
in the study. The goats were distributed using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD).
Treatments used were as follows:
To No treatment (control)
To+ 0.4 ml Albendazole (12.5%) per 10 kg bodyweight
T1 3 ml MDLE per kg bodyweight
T2 5 ml MDLE per kg bodyweight
T3 7 ml MDLE per kg bodyweight
The chemical composition of Mahkota Dewa after subjecting it to phytochemiccal analysis were as follows: tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, and sterols. Strongyle type spp., Strongyloides spp., and Moniezia spp. were the gastrointestinal parasites identified in the experimental animals. Treatment 2 (5ml MDLE) per kilogram bodyweight is effective against gastrointestinal parasites on the 14th day post treatment similar in efficacy to the commercial anthelmintic. Three ml (T1) MDLE is effective against Moniezia species.
Efficacy of neem (Azadirachia indica) leaves infusion and decoction against fly larvae
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2009-03) Orteza, Jay O.
This study was conducted to: (1) determine the efficacy of infused neem leaves against fly larvae; (2) determine the efficacy of decocted neem leaves against fly larvae; (3) determine the most effective concentration of infused neem leaves against fly larvae; (4) determine the most effective concentration of decocted neem leaves against fly larvae and (5) to compare the efficacy of neem leaf infusion from decoction.
Larvae samples were collected and placed in culture basins with 40 larvae distributed in each treatment. After the application of treatments, larvae samples were closely observed daily for 13 days. Nine treatments replicated three times were used in the study. Treatments used were as follows: To1 (undisturbed); To'2 (water); To+ (commercial larvicidal); Ti infusion (60% concentration); T1 decoction (60% concentration); T2 infusion (80% concentration); T2 decoction (80% concentration); T3 infusion 100% concentration and T3 decoction(100% concentration).
The result of the study showed that none of the different concentrations of either infused or decocted neem leaves were found to be effective against fly larvae. The result showed that Tl infusion (60% concentration) and T3 decoction (100% concentration) were found to have the highest percentage reduction among the treatments but were not considered as effective concentration because both were not able to reduce the number of larvae to the acceptable level.
Although the neem leaves infusion and decoction were all considered ineffective based from the standard criteria, both have potential larvicidal effect because they were able to reduce the larval count. Likewise, the efficacy of neem leaf infusion was not significantly different from the efficacy of decoction.
Awareness of public grade school pupils and teachers about rabies in 1st District of La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2009-03) Laroya, Modesto Jeff O.
This study was conducted to: (1) determine the level of awareness of public grade school pupils about rabies in 1st district of La Union; (2) determine the awareness of public grade schools in 1st district of La Union in connection with the R.A. 9482 or “Anti-rabies Act of 2007” Section 5C which states that the Department of Education shall strengthen rabies education program through school health teaching/curriculum; and (3) determine the correlation between the selected socio-demographic profile and the awareness of respondents.
The study made use of the descriptive survey research which utilized questionnaire as tool in gathering data. It was carried out in the selected elementary schools of the 1st district of La Union. Ten percent of the total schools were selected in each town. There were two groups of respondents: the grade 4-6 pupils and their
teachers. Ten percent of the total numbers of grade 4-6 pupils were randomly selected in each school for a total of 427 pupils. For the teachers, three teachers were randomly selected in each school for a total of 45 teacher respondents.
The survey questionnaire was pre-tested among grade 4-6 pupils at Cabaroan Elementary School in Bacnotan, La Union, a school not covered by the study. Data and information gathered were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, weighted mean and correlation (Pearson r) analysis.
With regards to the age of the pupil respondents, most of them were 11 years old and above (33.73%). The same respondents were well distributed in terms of sex wherein 53.63% were females while 46.37% were males. Majority of the pupil respondents were Roman Catholic (83.84%). As to the educational attainment of their fathers, almost half of them (47.78%) have attained college level. For the educational attainment of their mothers, more than fifty percent (52.70%) have attended their college education. The total mean monthly family income was Php 8,429.74 where the greatest percentage of them belongs to monthly income bracket of Php 5,001-10,000 (or 26%).
For the socio-demographic profile of the teacher respondents, the following data were obtained. Majority of the teacher respondents (24.25%) opted not to answer the question about their major field of specialization. Among the teacher respondents who answered, most of them majored in science (22.22%) and only 2.22% were math major.
The mean age of the teacher respondents was 27.78 years. With regards to their sex, most (80%) were females. As to their religion, majority of them were Roman Catholic. The total mean of the number of years in teaching for teachers was 10.78 years and the highest percentage (66.67%) was at the range of 10 years and above.
On the average, the pupils were “aware” on the different aspects of rabies with a grand mean rating of 3.21. They have their highest level of awareness on the aspect that rabies can kill a person (4.09) and their lowest level of awareness on the aspect carriers of rabies (2.67).
On the average, the teachers were “much aware” on the different aspects of rabies with a grand mean rating of 4.09. They have their highest level of awareness on the aspect that rabies can kill a person (4.78) and their lowest level of awareness on the aspect that rabid animals and humans could not be saved even with intensive care and treatment (3.47).
Only a small percentage of the pupil respondents (27.17%) were aware of the R.A. 9482 or the “Anti-rabies Act of 2007” Section 5C. On the overall, the pupil respondents were moderately aware to the R.A. 9482 Section 5C with a mean of 46.84%.
For the teachers, 28.89% of them were aware of the R.A. 9482 Section 5C. On the overall, the teacher respondents were moderately aware to the R.A. Section 5C with a mean of 32%.
The educational attainment of the parents as well as their monthly income was not significantly correlated to the pupils’ level of awareness. Likewise, the number of years in teaching of the teachers did not improve their level of awareness.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants utilized by the local people of Balbalayang, Sugpon, Ilocos Sur
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2025-05) Baguioen, Camille Kate A.
Documentation of ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants in the local area is significant in preserving the traditional practices and the medicinal plant itself. However, no recent research has been written on the ethnomedicine use by the local people in Sugpon unlike other neighboring municipalities in Ilocos Sur province. Hence, this study aimed to document the medicinal plants used by the local people in Balbalayang, Sugpon,
Ilocos Sur. A semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 informants and 5 members in focus group discussion from April 11 to 27, 2025. The demographic profile of informants is predominantly of females (82.86%) aged 60 years old and above (74.29%). Farming and housekeeping are their common occupation while their educational attainment is well balanced. The majority of the informants are coming from Bago tribe
(51.43). Based on the data collected, a total of 31 medicinal plant species distributed in 20 families were used to address 27 diseases in 8 different modes of administration. The family Lamiaceae is best represented by three species (11.11%), followed by Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Annonaceae, and Euphorbiaceae with two species (7.41%). Vitex spp. and Origanum vulgare are the most commonly used medicinal plant species with UV of 0.429. The leaves (78.43%) were the most frequently used plant part, and decoction (79.04%) was the most preferred form of administration to treat various diseases, such as cough, which most commonly applied to 13.85% of medicinal plant species. The majority of the informants used medicinal plants for less than a year in treating mild illnesses. Notably, elders dominantly the dominant source of information
regarding of the uses of medicinal plants.
Keywords: ethnobotanical, ethnic tribes, medicinal plant, traditional knowledge,
Tobacco seed as feed extender for broilers
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2009-03) Claro, Jay-ar A.
Tabacco seed is a potential source of feed for broiler as feed extender for it contains 20 to 40 % protein. This study was conducted to determine the performance of broilers fed with varying levels of tobacco seed (5%, 10% and 15%) as feed extender.
This was conducted at the Poultry Project of the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, College of Agriculture, Bacnotan, La Union from November 22, 2008 to December 13, 2008. A total of 36 heads of 14 days old broilers was used in the study. The chicks were distributed at random into the four treatments following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications.
Based on the result of the study, broilers fed with varying levels of tobacco seed as feed extender comparably performed with those fed with pure broiler starter mash in terms of final weight, gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed, medicine, and stock cost.