Undergraduate Theses

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Performance of Student Leaders in Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - Mid La Union Campus, 2017-01) Laroya, Leah A.; Carreon, Jenilyn P.; Fontanilla, Cristina C.; Mangaoang, Lazel Q.; Riotoc, Carlo; Flores, Benedick Adrian C.; Pimentel, Ma. Athena L.; Rodriguez, Dulce M.; Arnobit, Maria Luisa B.
School leaders are essential in energizing and bringing of dynamism to school’s atmosphere. This study aimed to assess the performance in Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus by the performance in implementing programs, projects, activities, rules, regulation and policies. It also aimed to assess the leadership skills of student leaders in terms of planning, decision-making and management. The study also aimed to determine the significant difference of the level of performance and leadership skills of the student-leaders. The researchers made use of descriptive method to gain information on the determination of the performance of student-leaders using a questionnaire checklist. Data from the study show that the perception of students and student-leaders is good. There is also a significant relationship between the level of performance and level of leadership skills of student¬ leaders.
GSM-Based monitoring system for egg incubator
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-01) Estrada, Jumarie C.; Acosta, Sheena A.; Fuclan, Ariel H.; Mosomos, Lemar L.; Laureaga, Rene A.; Marquez, Emanuel Godwin T.; Flores, Dwight Kristian A.; Armiendo, Mary Jean C.; Dalao, Nathaniel B.; Mila, Merryll Faye R.
Agriculture plays a significant role in the development of civilization including agricultural productivity that would significantly impact macro factors like economic growth. Specifically, a portion of the animal industry in agriculture around the world is the production of poultry. Due to the rising demand for poultry meat and eggs as nutritious proteins, this business has grown more significant. This study aimed to design, construct, and evaluate the technical performance of the developed GSM-Based Monitoring System for the Egg Incubator to monitor its temperature, humidity, and efficiency. Utilizing the descriptive and developmental research designs focused on the engineering design process, the researchers successfully developed an efficient GSM-Based egg incubator monitoring system. Based on the recorded data, the researchers’ assessment of the device indicated that it can monitor and control the temperature and humidity of the GSM-Based monitoring system of the egg incubator. Furthermore, the hatching efficiency of the incubator is 80.33%.
Enhanced Root Crop Washer (ERCW)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-05) Daclan, Remirose E.; Eugenio, Angelle Alana M.; Noriega, Matt Aaron R.; Soliweg, Milky V.; Sunio, Flipper Throwa R.; Cabradilla, Bonifacio Jr.; Meana, Melchor A.; Lastica, Geraldine F.; Medriano Jr., Pablo M.
This study focuses on the development, fabrication and evaluation of an Enhanced Root Crop Washer. It deals with the function of washing various root crops available in the market such as peanuts, sweet potato, ginger, carrots and cassava. Project development research design was applied to this project study and enabled the researchers to develop an improved machine which was also tested and evaluated through the descriptive evaluative research design. Findings show that the machine has a high cleaning efficiency and a throughput capacity of 0.22136 kg/sec which indicates that the ERCW is a highly efficient machine.
Effectiveness of business assistance centers in the selected Municipalities of La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - Mid La Union Campus, 2013-03) Palabay Jr., Cesar E.; Valdez, Valerie Ann S.; Resurreccion, Marjon M.; Valdez, Leodevina N.; Pang-ao, Charing M.; Pimentel, Arlyce Georgia B.; Pajimola, Allan Hil B.; Dawey, Marifel R.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
One of the notable government initiatives is the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007 or RA 9485 which calls for the creation of Citizen’s Charter in order for government agencies to be responsive, accessible and effective. A landmark provision of the Citizen’s Charter is the establishment1 of Business Assistance Centers (BAC) in all government instrumentalities, hence this descriptive study determined the effectiveness of BAC in the municipalities of Bauang, San Juan, Bangar and Caba, La Union for 2009- 2010. Specifically the study determined the profile; the level of effectiveness of BAC in terms of functions, principles, services, aims and the mechanisms that affect the level of effectiveness of business assistance centers as perceived by respondents representing household heads of selected urban and rural barangays, owners and employees of commercial establishments, TODA officers and implementers. Questionnaire was used in the survey and data was analyzed using frequency count, percentage and weighted mean. Business Assistance Centers in Bauang, San Juan, Bangar and Caba, La Union were rated as highly effective in terms of their mandated functions, principles, services and aims. BAC should be sustained province-wide.
Farmers' and consumers' attitude towards importation of rice in La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2011-03) Wakat, Joan B.
This study was conducted specifically to: 1) determine the level of awareness and acceptability of rice importation; 2) determine the perceived effect of importation; 3) compare locally produced and imported rice; and 4) determine the problems of consumers on imported rice. The data were drawn from the eighty (80) respondents who were selected using purposive random sampling with the aid of a survey questionnaire. The descriptive statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean and average were used in the analysis. Results showed that the respondents were very much aware about the presence of imported rice in the market. Besides, majority of the consumers preferred to buy the locally produced one based on taste, aroma, color, price, odor and minimal storage chemical treatment. Consumers claimed that the high selling price of locally produced rice was their rated as their most serious problem. Most of the respondents were male who belonged to an age range of 51-60 years for farmers and 41-50 years for consumers. Majority of the respondents were married, Roman Catholic and high school graduate.
A feasibility study of San Francisco Bamboo furniture in Sudipen, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2011-03) Macusi, Arman S.
One of the resources that our land has is the bamboo. It is a very common type of grass descending from the Poaceae family and belongs to the group of woody perennial evergreen plants. Some of the members of the bamboo family are huge and are considered the largest members of the grass family. Species can grow from a measly one foot up to a monstrous 100 feet.
Management of poultry backyard raising in Lacong, San Gabriel, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2011-03) Is-isa, Ellen Rose
This action research was an entrepreneurial project conducted in Barangay Lacong San Gabriel La Union. The project was designed to: 1) document the different activities inpoultry backyard raising; 2) determine the profitability of broiler backyard production; and 3) determine the problems in broiler production. There were 50 birds raised and planned to be continued per production cycle from December 1,2010 to January 14, 2011. The live weight of the birds at disposal period ranged from 1.5kg to 2.0 kg with 1.75kg average weight. About P 2,865.00 net profit was generated per production cycle or P57.3o per bird. Of the P 7,983.00 total cost, the feeds which contributed 60.54% of the cost was the highest The ROI of the project was 35.88%. Considering the profitability of the project, it is therefore recommended that broiler production in small scale could be considered by young entrepreneurs. The project had valuable contribution not only in developing the entrepreneurial competencies but also in providing an opportunity to generate employment and income for the student while she pursued her studies. It was a project which had fast investment turnover.
Microfinance program assisted microenterprises in selected Municipalities of La Union: A basic profile survey
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2011-03) Buccat, Chara Reina O.
A basic profile survey of microfinance assisted microenterprise in selected municipalities of La Union was conducted to determine: (1) socio-demographic characteristics profile of the micro entrepreneurs respondents; (2) microenterprise profile; and (3) the degree of serious of problems encountered by the micro entrepreneurs respondents. Data and other information were obtained through the use of interview schedule instruments. The study was conducted from January 10 to February 28, 2011. Results of the study revealed that majority of micro entrepreneurs respondents were female with mean age of 44 years old, had relative high educational attainment backed up with some trainings along food processing, production management, records keeping and accounting, and cooperative. Most of the microenterprises were sole proprietorship while a few were engage in trading/marketing, personal services, cottage industries, food processing, food production, and farm supply store. The main sources of microfinance loan were from government bank but some were provided by private banks, rural banks, and cooperative. Most microentrepreneurs performed multi-role in the enterprise. Few performed managerial functions or bookkeeper. Only two-thirds of the enterprises employed personnel ranging from 1 to 7 persons. Microfinance loans were mainly used as a start up working capital, purchase of goods and materials, and payment of wages. Only 64% of microentrepreneurs - borrowers were able to pay the loan at maturity dates. Among the given by those who failed to pay on time were: (1) not enough income generated by the enterprise; (2) products were not sold on time; and (3) some used the income to expand their enterprise. Amount of loans were claimed to be moderately adequate for starting an enterprise and purchase of goods and materials. However, barely adequate for the other purpose of loans Too short terms of loan and collateral requirements for the loan were identified as serious problem in obtaining loans.
African Swine Fever:
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2025-05) Supsup, Kristine Joy F.; Gonzales, Francine Anne N.; Tulingan, Jhunie Mae G.; Songcuan, Raiza Anne S.; Villanueva, Maria Allyna B.; Parrocha, Maricel C.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
The outbreak of African Swine Fever poses significant financial challenges for industries associated with swine farming. Among these, the swine feed industry has been particularly affected. This study examines swine feed sellers' financial implications and strategies in Luna, Bangar, and Sudipen, La Union. Data were gathered from 23 local swine feed sellers and interpreted using frequency counts and percentages, ratios, and point biserial correlation. Findings showed that swine feed businesses face financial implications on their profitability, liquidity, and stability and implemented strategies, specifically revenue generation, product expansion, and cost-cutting. Further, these swine feed businesses experienced fluctuations in their financial performance from 2019 to 2023. Overall, the study revealed a significant relationship between financial implications and specific strategies for swine feed businesses in the municipalities of Luna, Bangar, Sudipen, and La Union.
Financial performance of abel businesses in Bangar, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2025-05) Abuan, Eden Pearl A.; Bilgera, Alyza Jemima M.; Perez, Marilou L.; Santos, Juzteine Aujoy R.; Parrocha, Hernan L.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Siong, Venus D.
Abel weaving reflects a blend of Filipino heritage, craftsmanship, and livelihood in the town of Bangar, La Union. This study was conducted to evaluate their financial performance in terms of revenue, liquidity, profitability, and leverage. Data were gathered from seven (7) registered Abel weaving businesses using validated survey questionnaire. The responses were analyzed using frequency count and percentage, financial ratio analysis, Spearman’s rho, and Kruskal-Wallis Test. Findings revealed that all respondents were registered, classified as microenterprises, sole proprietors, and majority had been in business for two decades. They sourced materials locally, and all are manufacturing their own products. The businesses showed strong sales performance, were highly liquid, profitable, and maintained low levels of debt. Correlational analysis indicated that most profiling variables had no significant relationship while years of operation showed a significant and positive correlation with their net sales, current ratio, quick ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio to their financial performance.
Financial literacy and access to services of micro entrepreneurs in the City of San Fernando, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2025-05) Rivera, Arabel C.; Bornalo, Roxanne C.; Calapati, Nina Ricci A.; Emperador, Reina Thea D.; Malapit, Jorge Daniel S.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Parrocha, Hernan L.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Financial literacy plays a vital role in making sound financial decisions that contribute to the growth and stability of a business. This study explores the financial literacy and access to financial services of microentrepreneurs in the City of San Fernando, La Union. A cross-sectional survey and correlational research design were utilized among 356 microentrepreneurs within the central business district. Findings revealed that respondents generally demonstrated a high level of financial literacy regarding financial knowledge, attitude, and behavior. However, results show limited access to different key areas. Access to financial products and services does not depend on knowledge alone. In response, the study recommends collaboration among microentrepreneurs with financial institutions and local government units to strengthen support and policies that empower them to make sound financial decisions and use proactive strategic approaches. Furthermore, future researchers should explore other methods to understand what influences microentrepreneurs in accessing financial services.
Development of jicama de agua (Pachyrhizus erosus) tapioca pearl
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Delos Reyes, Lenjen B.; Canedo, Trisha Anne J.; Padua, Allan Mandrake B.; Estrada, Francis Ian S.; Javier, Edrian Mark E.; Hufana, Zhelyn A.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Javonitalla, Josephine G.; Hufana, Zhelyn A.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.,
Jicama de agua (singkamas)is a chewy ball which is served as a sinker to milk tea products. This research aimed to develop a new variant of tapioca pearl with jicama de agua as a new delicacy that provides various nutrients and satisfy consumer needs. This study sought to standardized the process and formulation, determine the sensory qualities, microbiological and physicochemical properties, shelf life, and production cost of the product. This study used developmental, descriptive, and experimental research method. The findings of the study showed that treatment 3 was the best treatment and the sensory qualities of the product which was evaluated by trained and consumer-type panelists has a desirable attribute. The microbiological and physicochemical testing showed that the product was safe for human consumption, and the shelf life testing resulted that the product was best preserved when refrigerated, and the total production cost was comparable with the leading brand.
Marketing strategies of micro business owners in the public market of Bacnotan, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-11) Dacumos, Rechelle S.; Costales, Justine Isony A.; Obillo, Madelyn O.; Tomas, Lhourence Joy D.; Arangorin III, Alfredo G.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus
This study aimed to determine the marketing strategies of micro business owners in the public market of Bacnotan, La Union. This study utilized the descriptive method of research in identifying and analyzing the marketing strategies of the micro business owners in the public market of Bacnotan, La Union. The 250 respondents were the owners of the micro businesses in the public market of Bacnotan, La Union. A modified questionnaire from the thesis book entitled “Marketing Strategies of Selected Grocery and Houseware Stores in the City of San Fernando, La Union” was used to gather data needed in the study. Data were analyzed and interpreted utilizing frequency counts and percentages. The micro businesses vary in terms of the profile of the business, years of operation and number of employees. Micro businesses in the public market of Bacnotan, La Union used variety of marketing strategies for their product, price, place and promotion.
Factors influencing online buying behavior of generation z in DMMMSU-MLUC-college of management
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-08) Obra, Noenie Gine B.; Gapuz, Fritz R.; Lomboy, Princess Joy V.; Labsan, Mervyn O.; Olete, Charles Edward C.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Javonitalla, Josephine G.
Online buying has become in-demand day by day. This study sought to determine the demographic profile of online buyers, the extent of influence of buying behavior on the following factors such as Psychological Factor, Social Factor, and Cultural Factors: and consumer buying behavior. It is a quantitative-descriptive survey method through G-suite account of 320 computed sample sizes among the 1891 total enrolled students. It-was found to exhibit positive behavior and perception of shopping virtually that appealed to all respondents. The results of the study revealed that a great majority of the respondent students are females, single, and residing within the province. Further, most of them are full-time students who have a monthly allowance of 3,000 or less. Furthermore, they believe that the psychological, social, and cultural factors highly influence their online buying behavior; they engage into online buying because of fast delivery, promotion, low price, quality, safe transactions, save time, free time, and they are very satisfied with the product or service that they buy on online.
Financial performance of tiger grass (Thysanolaena latifolia) soft broom buy and sell businesses in San Gabriel, La Union
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2025-06) Geronimo, Arjelyn P.; Asperin, Marisa F.; Dulay, Stephanie Anne B.; Olidan, Joey F.; Obillo, Kristine; Parrocha, Hernan L.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
The Buy and Sell soft broom businesses in San Gabriel, La Union, serve as a source of income and aid the local economy. Soft brooms have always been a household item of daily use in continuous demand, providing a reliable means of livelihood. This study assessed the financial performance of buy-and-sell soft broom businesses by examining the relationship between business profile variables — such as registered status, business size, ownership structure, years of operation, location, and sources of inventory—and key financial indicators, including liquidity, profitability, and stability. Qualitative research was used, and data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and ratio analysis. The result shows all were eight registered sole proprietorship businesses predominantly located near the public market. Over three years, their financial performance had improved. Among the business profile variables, only years of operation exhibited a statistically significant positive relationship, which was under profitability, suggesting that longer-established businesses are more financially viable.
Development of filipino-korean food: Samgyeopnada
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-05) Estalilla, Jozel E.; Doliente, Alyssa D.; Valmonte, Camille F.; Pascua, Francis C.; Florendo, Jamaica P.; Legaspi, Annaliza B.; Ancheta, Marifel D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.; Acosta, Joseph D.; Siong, Venus D.
This study aimed to develop a visually appealing and affordable SamgyeopNada that contribute to the local food service of La Union. The study objectives were to standardize the formulation and processing, determine the sensory qualities and acceptability attributes. The research designs used in this study are developmental, experimental and descriptive design. The main ingredients are sweet potato, papaya, Kimchi paste, and longganisa; the method to standardize the formulation, 10 Trained and 30 Consumer type panelists rated sensory attributes using 9-point Hedonic Rating Scale, and average was used to calculate the mean score. Standardize Formulation and processing was tested in 4 Treatments, in sensory evaluation, treatment 1 has the highest mean score of 8.05rated as Like Very Much.
Development of purple yam (Dioscorea alata), peanut( Arachis hypogaea l.), and grapes (Vitis vinifera) biscotti
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2022-05) Tao-Aden, Jaime C., Jr.; Apostol, Jennifer B.; Corpuz, Jenalyn C.; Ducusin, Candy Lou D.; Cacanindin, Geremy S.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Novencido, Rosa M.; Javonitalla, Jospehine G.
This study aimed to develop a visually appealing, nutritional, and affordable biscotti that contributes to the local food sector in the Municipality of Bauang, La Union. The study objectives were to standardize the formulation and processing, determine the sensory qualities and acceptability attributes, and microbiological qualities. The research designs used in this study are developmental, descriptive, and experimental. The main ingredients were purple yam, peanuts, and grapes; the biscuit method to standardize the formulation, 10 trained and30consumer-type panelists rated sensory attributes using a 9 point Hedonic rating scale, and average was used to calculate the mean score; and DOST analyzed the microbiological qualities. Standardized formulations and processing were tested in four treatments, on sensory evaluation, Treatment 2 has the highest mean score of 7.32, rated as Like Very Much, and DOST results passed for microbiological qualities, meaning that the purple yam, peanut, and grapes biscotti are safe to eat.
Nurturing financial success:
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-05) Ochavez, Jhon Pol D.; Baguinat, Cherry Mae S.; Borca, Airis F.; Diamante, Danica F.; Parrocha, Hernan L.; Bayani, Keneth G.; Gacayan, Daniel B.; Siong, Venus D.; Quinitip, Tiffany Ruth R.
Retail stores are grocery enterprises that sell canned goods, snacks, dairy products, beverages, condiments, cigars, and household maintenance supplies, such as laundry and cleaning products. The study aimed to determine the bottlenecks in retail store investing and budgeting processes in the City of San Fernando, La Union. A correlational and cross-sectional design was used, and data were gathered from 63 registered retail stores in the City of San Fernando, La Union. Retail stores face high initial costs, insufficient funding, unexpected expenses, market volatility, fluctuating cash flows, predicting short-term needs, fraud, resource management, and accurate forecasting. There is a significant relationship between retail store profiles, capitalization, ownership forms, and bottlenecks in investing and budgeting processes. Changes in retail store capitalization and ownership forms affect the bottlenecks associated with investment cost, asset allocation, and cash budgeting. However, changes in the Number of employees and years in operation do not influence these bottlenecks.
Design and development of a vertical-axis wind energy turbine
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-01) Laurella, Bryan Anthony J.; Adriano, Jannarine Mae R.; Barbadillo, Sebastian Jeremy P.; Gagtan, Lawrence C.; Ubay, Jeff Clemence B.; Tambot, Dayanara S.; Bacani, Lorenzo L.; Sabado, Gina C.; Sapitula, Alliver B.
Since electricity is a fundamental part of nature, it is used more than any other type of energy. Thus, increasing the demand of electricity in many parts of the world provides significant developments in various sectors of society. The presence of renewable energy in the environment and by utilizing it, this alternative energy will generate abundance of electricity and further drives progress. This study aimed to design and develop a vertical-axis wind energy turbine and to come up with three designs of wind energy turbines, construct the three designs of wind energy turbines, and test and evaluate the most efficient blades among the three designs in terms of generation. Utilizing the developmental research designs that focused on the engineering design process, the researchers successfully developed a Vertical-Axis Wind Energy Turbine. Based on the recorded data, the researchers proved that the Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine must be placed in the coastal area to harness wind energy. The researchers concluded that the blades made of metal sheet of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine had an average voltage output of 12.3 V which has the highest voltage output, while the blades made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon fiber had only 11.5 V and 5.0 V respectively.
Optimizing pharmacy sales and inventory through business analytics tools
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - Mid La Union Campus, 2025-11) Cabradilla, Noligen C.; Canapit, Desiree Jane B.; Casison, John Kyle M.; Ordanza, Loren Marie O.; Sese Jr., Emmanuel T.; Torres, Doreen A.; Rodriguez, Marylen D.; Estira, Marydel C.; Jubinal, Rosalia S.
This study presented the development and implementation of a web-based business analytics system designed to optimize pharmacy sales and inventory management. Utilizing a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model, the system forecasted pharmaceutical product demand by analyzing three years of historical sales. The forecasting model achieved a high accuracy with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.32, enabling precise stock level recommendations and reorder point determination. The system provided role-based dashboards for administrators, pharmacists, and clerks, facilitating data-driven decision-making, real-time inventory updates, and proactive stock management to minimize stockouts and inventory losses due to expiry. Evaluation through the System Usability Scale (SUS) yielded an excellent score of 79.17, indicating effective usability for pharmacy personnel. The study demonstrated that integrating predictive analytics in pharmacy operations enhanced inventory control, reduced financial risks, and supported continuous availability of essential medicines. This research contributed to improved pharmacy management practices by advocating for the adoption of advanced analytics tools in inventory optimization.

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