Undergraduate Theses

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Kinds of litter materials at brooding on the performance of broilers (Cobb strain)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Madriaga, Neil Brian F.
Brooding materials play a significant role in successful broiler production for maintaining the optimum requirement for temperature and humidity. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effect of using different kinds of litter materials (rice hull, newspaper, peanut hull, sawdust, jute sacks and corn cob) on the performance of 90 heads of day-old broiler chicks employing the randomized complete block design in three blocks, at the Poultry project of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union from October 4 to November 10, 2007. Results revealed that using different kinds of litter materials did not cause any significant variation on the performance of broilers in terms of weight after brooding, gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed, medicine, stock and cost of litter materials. However, using jute sack, ground corn cob, wood shavings and ground peanut hull as litter materials at brooding period resulted to heavier final weight.
Golden snail meal as feeds for broilers
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Lozano, Prescila L.
Golden snail is a menace in rice fields. Based on proximate analysis conducted by various researchers, the nutrient composition reveals that it could be a source of nutrients for broiler rations. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the performance of 60 heads day-old broiler chicks, following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) distributed at random in four treatments replicated three times. The treatments used were the following: Commercial Mash (T1), 0% Golden Snail Meal in Formulated Ration (T2), 3% Golden Snail Meal in Formulated Ration (T3) and 6% GSM in Formulated Ration (T4). Results of the study revealed that birds fed with commercial mash, 0% and 3% golden snail meal in formulated rations had comparable final weight, gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and feed cost to produce a kilogram gain in weight. Birds given rations with 6% golden snail meal obtained the lowest feed cost to produce a kilogram gain in weight. On the other hand, birds fed formulated ration without golden snail meal obtained the lowest profit above feed, and stock cost.
Ground yellow corn as feed extender for broilers (Bounty strain)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-10) Libunao, Rommel D.
Growing of yellow corn in Region 1 is gaining popularity and thus high, corn supply resulting to very low price in the market especially during harvest. The need to further explore the use of yellow corn as broiler feed supplement is imperative. Hence, this study was conducted at varying levels of ground yellow corn (0, 10%20%30%) as broiler feed extender employing RCBD in three. The study was conducted from July 09, 2008 to August 15, 2008 at Sapilang, Bacnotan La Union. The objectives of the study were to determine the performance of broilers fed with varying levels of ground yellow corn as feed extender and to determine the profit ability of raising broilers fed with varying levels of ground yellow corn as feed extender. Results showed that birds fed with varying levels of ground yellow corn resulted to highly significant gain in weight and profit above feed, medicine and stock cost. Insignificant differences noted on final weight, feed consumption efficiency, feed conversion efficiency and feed cost to produce a kilogram.
Varying levels of probiotics for weaners (pigs)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Ledda, Bernice N.
Literature states that addition of probiotics in feeds for swine shows a great potential in both young and growing finishing pigs. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effects of varying levels of probiotics (T0 – control, T1 – 1.25 kg. of probiotic per ton of feed, T2 – 1.5 kg. of probiotic per ton of feed, T3 – 1.75 kg. of probiotic per ton of feed) on the performance of 24 weaner pigs from October 6 – December 8, 2007 at the Piggery project of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union. The findings of the study showed that the addition of probiotic at different levels resulted to comparable performance as the control pigs in terms of final weight, gain in weight, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed, medicine, probiotic and stock cost. However, probiotics significantly increased feed consumption of pigs.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as feed extender for broilers
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-10) Gorio, Mildred Creezie B.
The very high cost of commercial feed prompted the poultry raisers to look for an alternative source of feed ingredients like cassava. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the performance of 60 head two weeks old broilers supplemented with different levels (10%, 20% and 30%) of cassava tuber meal employing Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). This was conducted from July 9 to August 16, 2008 at the Poultry Project of DMMMSU, Sapilang, Bacnotan, La Union. The result of the study revealed that incorporating cassava tuber meal to the commercial ration of broilers from 10% to 30% level significantly reduced the performance in terms of final and gain in weight, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed and stock cost.
Makahiya (Mimosa pudica l.) meal as feed extender for broilers
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-10) Duclayan, Jane J.
The high cost of commercial feeds prompted poultry raisers to look for an alternative source of feed ingredients like makahiya meal. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the performance of broilers fed with different levels of makahiya meal (5%, 10% and 15%) from November 17, to December 26, 2007 at the Poultry Project of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union. Sixty, two weeks old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments, replicated three times following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Broilers fed with 5% makahiya meal were comparable to the birds fed with pure commercial ration in terms of gain in weight. Levels of makahiya meal from 5 to 15% resulted to comparable performance as the control birds in terms of final weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed, medicine and stock cost.
Performance of broilers (Cobb strain) fed with peanut leaf meal as feed supplement
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Dongail, Aurora S.
The increasing cost of feeds for animal production trigger the continues effort of researchers to evaluate available plants as feedstuff. This study was conducted to determine the performance of broiler fed with peanut leaf meal (5%, 10% and 15%) as feed supplement to commercial broiler starter mash and to determine the profitability of using peanut leaf meal for broilers. It was conducted from November 28, 2007 to January 09, 2008 at the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union employing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three blocks. Sixty 14-days-old broiler chicks (cobb strain) were used in the study. The result of the study revealed that broiler fed with ration supplemented with 5% to 15% peanut leaf meal had comparable final weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, gain in weight and profit above feed medicine and stock cost with the birds fed with commercial broiler starter mash.
Profile of goat farms in District II of Ilocos Sur
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-10) Domingo, Alan V.
The information regarding the profile of goat farms is important in policy making to help the goat industry. As such, this study was conducted in the eight (8) selected towns of District II, Ilocos Sur using a set of personal interview, frequency counts, percentage, mean and rank were used to describe the data gathered. Results of the study revealed that majority of the goat raisers were backyard raisers whose main occupation was farming. Rice was the main crop grown followed by corn then tobacco. The average landholding was 0.62 ha which they either owned or tenanted. The mean number of Boer or Anglo-Nubian upgraded bucks raised was two heads and native does was five heads. The respondents raised goats primarily for slaughter. More than one-half of the goat raisers tethered their animals and goats fed on native vegetation. A few provided concentrates and slat as supplements. Deworming was done by a few. Majority provided elevated housing to their goats using locally available materials like bamboo and cogon grass. The major production problems identified were lack of quality breeders and lack of technical know-how while the marketing problems were lack of government support and fluctuating farm price.
Enzyme supplementation for crossbred weaner pigs
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Diaz, Janice P.
Literatures claimed that addition of enzymes in the diet of weaners can improve the performance of piglets. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of enzymes (T1-500 g/ton of commercial feeds, T2- 1000 g/ton of commercial feeds, T3-1500 g/ton of commercial feeds) in the performance of weaner pigs employing Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications from July 3 to September 3, 2007 at the Piggery Project of the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union Results of the study showed that feed supplementation of enzymes did not significantly affect the performance of weaners on the basis of gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed, medicine and stock cost.
Probiotics for growing/finishing crossbred pigs (Landrace x large white)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Bunnao, Eula B.
Some literature claimed that the addition of probiotics in feeds for swine had great potentials in reducing stress and act as growth promoters to enhance production and performance of the animals. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the performance of growing/finishing crossbred pigs as affected by different levels of probiotics (T0-control, T1- 1 kg of probiotic, T2- 2kg of probiotic, T3- 3 kg of probiotic) from July 3 to October 6, 2007 at the Piggery Project of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union. A total of 36 weaners were distributed into four (4) treatments using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replication. The results showed that the addition of probiotic at different levels in feeds did not cause any significant variation on growing/finishing crossbred pigs in terms of final weight, gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, and profit above feed, medicine, probiotic and stock cost.
Quality of canton sausage as affected by the ratio of pork and carabeef
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Buccat, Marvin B.
Sausage is eaten in all parts of the world. Generally, pork is used in making sausage, however, other meats like carabeef can be explored in processing sausage. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the quality of canton sausage and cost of production as affected by the ratio of carabeef and pork (100% carabeef, 25% pork + 75 % carabeef, 50% pork + 50% carabeef, 75% pork + 25% carabeef and 100% pork). The products were evaluated by 30 members of the taste panel using the Hedonic Scale. The data gathered were subjected to Test of Concordance. Results disclosed that the members of the taste panel disagreed on their ratings and that the commercial canton sausage (T6) had ratings of “Like Extremely” in all the parameters while the other combination of pork and carabeef were rated “Like Moderately” or “Like Very Much”. The commercial sausage was the cheapest while the 100% carabeef sausage was the most expensive.
Performance of broilers fed with varying levels of lagundi leaf (Vites negundo) meal as feed supplement
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Bangao, Precy C.
Due to costly feeds brought about by imported raw materials, poultry raisers are exploring available alternative sources of feedstuff; hence, this study on the different levels of lagundi leaf meal (2%, 4% and 6%) as supplement in broiler ration was conducted to determine the performance of broilers from November 28, 2007 to January 3, 2008 at Barangay Casiaman, Bacnotan, La Union. Sixty heads of 7-day old chicks were used in the study employing the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences on the final weight, gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, cost of feed to produce a kilogram gain in weight and profit above feed, medicine and stock cost.
Performance of broilers fed with mango seed kernel meal as a feed supplement
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Balloging, Julie Ann M.
The cost of commercial broiler feed is constantly increasing resulting to lesser profit. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the possibility of reducing the cost of commercial feeds for broilers. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the performance of broilers fed with 2%, 4% and 6% mango seed kernel meal as feed supplement. Sixty, 14-days old broilers (Everest Strain) were used in the study from November 17 to December 27, 2007 at the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union, employing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replication. Result revealed that birds fed with Mango Seed kernel meal from 2% to 6% performed comparably with birds fed with pure broiler starter mash in terms of final weight, gain in weight, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed and stock cost.
Development and evaluation of lemon (Citrus Limon) peel extract as stain remover
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - Mid La Union Campus, 2023-05) Ormita, Jhasmin R.; Calonge, Christine Joy B.; Camarao, Herminia U.; Carantes, Kathrine Joice F.; Occena, Jivanary B.; Panit, Lie Anne J.; Subido, Angelyn C.; Pacada, Charles A.; Tumbaga, Elizabeth B.; Corpuz, Florentina A.; Alagao, Rosella U.; Corpuz, Juanito C.
Stain remover is used to remove or masks stain from textile. The main concern of this study was to develop and evaluate the stain remover from the Lemon (Citrus Limon) peel extract applied to textile materials specifically, 1.) Determine the amount extract of Lemon peel. 2.) Determine the pH of the Peel Extract. 3.) Determine the efficacy of the extract juice compare to borax in terms of time interval (30 minutes and 60 minutes) used cotton and polyester. The study used developmental descriptive-evaluative research design. The finding was the amount of extract from lemon peel produced 1000 ml in kilo. The source had acidic composition. Completely removed the chocolate and grease for cotton and polyester using the lemon stain remover. There is no significant difference between thefabric used, time interval and stain remover. The tensile strength in terms of length increases while the width decreases. Based from the result lemon peel is effective as stain remover.
Enzyme for crossbred growing - finishing pigs (Landrace x large white)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Ballesteros, Prisca Melba G.
Literature cited that the addition of enzyme on the diet of the animals enhances the digestion of food and has stabilizing effect on the composition of the gut flora and thus, higher efficiency in the utilization of feedstuff. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of enzyme (T0 – pure commercial feeds (control), T1 – 0.5 kg enzyme/ton of feeds, T2 – 1.0 kg enzyme/ton of feeds, T3 – 1.5 kg enzyme/ton of feeds) in the performance of growing finishing pigs. Thirty six heads of three months old crossbred pigs were distributed at random into four treatments replicated three times following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study was conducted at the Piggery Project of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union from September 1 to November 5, 2007. Results revealed that enzyme supplementation on feeds at different levels significantly influenced the performance of pigs on the basis of feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and gain in weight. However, the mean final weight of the pigs and mean profit above feed, medicine, stock and enzyme cost were not significantly different.
Sambong leaf meal as feed for broiler
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2008-03) Artienda, Cherrie G.
Due to the high cost of feeds, researchers work on the use of possible supplements for broilers such as sambong leaf meal. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the performance of broilers fed with different levels of sambong leaf meal (2%, 4%, 6%). It was conducted from December 3, 2007 to January 14, 2008 at the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union employing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three blocks. Sixty kinds of 2 week old broiler chicks (cobb strain) were used in the study. The result of the study revealed that broilers fed with sambong leaf meal from 2% to 6% and those fed with pure commercial starter mash had comparable final weight, gain in weight, feed conversion efficiency and profit above feed, medicine and stock cost. Sambong leaf meal from 4% to 6% level reduced feed intake.
Botanical insecticides on the control of eggplant fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis guennee)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2007-03) Sunggay, Junjune L.
Chemical insecticides cause impairable damage to man and his environment due to residues. On the other hand, several reports claimed that some plants have pesticidal properties and are effective in the management of pests. Hence, a study using: T0 (Control), T1 (Insecticide), T2 (Lagundi), T3 (Lantana), T4 (Sambong) T5 (Kakawate) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of botanical insecticides against eggplant fruit borer and to determine the most effective botanicals that could substitute chemical insecticide. The experiment was set up following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. This study was conducted at the Horticulture Project of the Agriculture Department, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union from November, 2006 to February, 2007 Results revealed that spraying of crude extracts of kakawate, lagundi, sambong and lantana at 1:1 ratio could substitute Baythroid insecticide to reduce shoot/fruit infestation and to produce quality marketable fruits of eggplant.
Pasture grasses as growing media for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2007-03) Orfiano, Marivic E.
Pasture grasses that can be used as growing media for oyster mushroom are abundant in the locality. However, literature is scarce regarding their uses as mushroom growing media. Hence, this study was conducted at the Mushroom Production Project of the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union from June 23, 2006 to September 30, 2006 to determine the performance of mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) to different pasture grasses (T0 – 39 kg sawdust, 10 kg rice bran, ½ kg lime (control), T1 – corn stover, T2 – napier grass, T3 – cogon grass and T4 – rice straw) under DMMMSU conditions and to determine the cost and return analysis of producing oyster mushroom. The Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three blocks was used in the experiment. Result of the study revealed that mushroom grown in T4 - (rice straw), T0 (control), T1 (corn stover), T2 (napier grass) produced comparable mean yield, mean crude biological efficiency and net return but, significantly different with mushrooms in T3 (cogon grass).
Wrapping colors on the rooting characterisitics of marcotted pummelo (Citrus grandis osb.)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2007-03) Obille, Loida V.
Marcotting is the most commonly used asexual method of propagating citrus but affected by various factors like wrapping colors. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the rooting characteristics of marcotted pummelo and survival rate of marcottage as influenced by different wrapping colors i.e.: hyaline film, black, red, blue, and white; using cotton cloth. Ten hills of five-year-old Davao pummelo at bearing stage were used as parents stock employing RCBD in five blocks. The study was conducted at the Citrus Experimental Farm of the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union from June 6, 2006 to October 14, 2006. Based on the results of the study, marcotted pummelo with hyaline film significantly formed callus (11.06 days) and roots (39.88 days) the earliest but comparable to those wrapped with black (41.02 days). Marcotted pummelo with black wrapping color produced the most number (14.88) and longest roots (9.09 cm) but comparable to blue wrapping color (8.51 cm). The marcot success had comparable results using black (72.50%) and blue (68.80%). Marcotted pummelo with black (79.80%), blue (79.40%), white (76.60%) and hyaline film (76.00%) recorded comparably the highest survival rate.
Effect of ethephon on the growth and yield of squash (var Royal cup)
(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University- North La Union Campus, 2007-03) Laroya, Dhonabee M.
Ethylene has been reported by various authors (Bautista (1994). Weaver (1983), Rudich (1964)) to alter sex expressions in cucurbits, favoring female flower formation. In cucurbits, yield is determined by female flower formed and developed into fruits. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethephon on the growth and yield of squash. Employing the Randomized Complete Block Design, replicates three times. The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, North La Union Campus, Bacnotan, La Union from June 6, 2006 to October 2006. The treatments were as follows: T1 – distilled water T2 – 250ppm ethephon T3 – 500ppm ethephon T4 – 750ppm ethephon Results showed that ethephon at different concentrations did not affect the length of vines. However it shortened the internodes and increased the number of internodes. The number of female and male flowers were not affected by spraying ethephon at 250-750 ppm. The number, diameter and weight of fruits per plant and per hectare were not affected by the different concentrations of ethephon. Highest net income, return on investment (ROI) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 29,620 pesos, 1.84 and 2.84 respectively were obtained from squash plants without ethephon application.

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