Doctoral Dissertations
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Item Involvement and relevance of the Philippine navy in the development efforts of the government of la union: basis for a 3 year action plan(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University -Open University System, 2016-03) Arugay, Adrian V.The research sought to formulate a Proposed Action Plan to strengthen the involvement and relevance of Philippine Navy’s development efforts along with different government sectors in La Union. Quantitative descriptive research design was utilized and data were collected from 476 respondents, composed of stakeholders coming from provincial, municipal, community, La Union province residents and the Philippine Navy. The study shows that the Philippine Navy has allocated personnel with the required motivation, skills, equipment and facilities in support for local government development efforts. However, the tendency to be politicized and predisposition to give in to temptations to corruption is observed. The Navy’s conduct of activities to satisfy all requirements are constrained by adequacy of appropriate amount personnel and resources. The Philippine Navy has been rated as having very high relevance in the development sectors of Peace and order, Environment protection, Agriculture, Social services, and Disaster risk management sectors. It was also rated as highly relevant for Tourism sector.Item Non-monetary based determinants of poverty status of families in La Union: input to a focused poverty targeting(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University -Open University System, 2005) Miguel, Gloria Concepcion Elena A.This study generated non-monetary based determinants of poverty status of families in La Union as basis in formulating policy recommendations for a focused poverty targeting. It sought to determined the profile of poor and non-poor families in terms of identified non-monetary dimensions of poverty and find out significant differences in their characteristics. In addition, the poverty targeting mechanisms in the implementation of the Operation Rang-ay iti Barangay (ORB) in La Union were described and used to supplement the formulation of policy recommendations for a focused poverty targeting. This study used the descriptive research designs and was conducted ion La Union using various sources of data. Information on the profile of families was generated form the 2002 APIS Public Use Files for La union. On the other hand, information on the poverty targeting mechanisms was based on the results of personal interview and focused group discussions with selected stakeholders of the ORB. The results were supplemented by documentary analysis. Data were analyze using frequencies, percentage, ranks, weighted means, chi-square test and Z-test binomial logistic regression. Findings reveal the following results: Most of the heads of poor families belonged to the age group 40-49 years, with a mean age of 52 years. Most of them were males, elementary graduate, employed in permanent jobs, majority of whom were own- account workers. Around half of them had five members or less. Majority of the members were of working ages who carried the economic burden of 89 dependents. The majority of members of school-age were attending school and school participation was highest at the elementary level. Most members of poor families had some elementary education. Majority of them were into family sustenance activities, most of whom were own-account workers and were employed in the agriculture sector. Laborers and unskilled workers were prominent, with a number of farmers, forestry workers and fishermen. These workers, however, worked on a permanent basis. Majority of them did not get ill and among those who got ill, only two-fifths visited a health facility for consultation. There was a low participation rate in people's organizations and non-government organizations . Likewise, the coverage of health insurance plans was low, except for the public Philippine Insurance Corporation. The majority of them owned or had owner like possession of their houses and lots, although these were noted to be small. Single houses were most common for them. Majority of them had strong roofs but a lesser percentage lived in houses made of strong outer walls. In terms of facilities and amenities, around one-third did not have electricity and most of them relied on less sanitary sources of water supply like the dug well. Although majority of them had sanitary toilet facilities like the water-sealed, a number of them still used open pit and others did not have any toilet at all. The most common household amenity they owned was the radio/stereo/VCD. On the other hand, most of the non-poor families were headed by males, aged 40-49 years, with a mean age of 51 years, had some college education or higher level of education. Majority of them had permanent job, almost one-half of whom were salary or wage earners. Almost three-fourths had five members, majority of whom were of working ages who carried the economic burden of 58 dependents. The majority of members of school-age were currently attending school and school participation was highest in high school. Most members had some secondary and post-secondary education. As regards employment characteristics, most had members who derived salaries and wages, absorbed in the services sector, laborers and unskilled workers, and worked on permanent basis. A significant number, however, were professionals. The majority of them did not get ill and among those who got ill, less than half visited a health facility. Participation in POs and NGOs was low. In terms of HIPs, only the PhilHealth covered a significant percentage while the others covered less. The majority of non-poor families owned or had ownerlike possession of their houses and lots, almost all of which were single houses. Although, most occupied small houses, a significant number lived in bigger houses. Majority had strong roof materials but a lesser percentage lived in houses made of strong outer walls. In terms of facilities and amenities, almost all of them had electricity and majority used safer sources of water supply and sanitary toilet facility. Majority of them had household amenities and conveniences except car/jeep/motorcycle and washing machine, which were owned by less than half of them. There were significant differences between poor and non-poor families in terms of majority of the identified non-monetary dimensions of poverty. Those that were found to significantly determine poverty status of a family using the logistic model were the following: age and highest grade completed of family head, family size, economic activity engaged in, major industry and occupation group, membership in POs/NGOs, membership in PhilHealth and other HIPs, tenure status of house and lot, floor area of housing unit, construction materials of walls, main source of water supply, type of toilet facility, and ownership of household amenities. In terms of poverty targeting mechanisms of the ORB, it was found out that the Provincial Government of La Union applied the convergent policy as demonstrated by the process of consultation, and multisectoral, multilevel and inter-agency cooperation. The operation of the ORB followed the generic planning process. There were areas, however, at the various processes and stages that need to be improved. On the whole, the ORB was perceived by the respondents as highly responsive to the needs of the beneficiaries. The policy recommendations put forward in this study encompassed a wide range of concerns, some of them intertwined, which speak of the multidimensionality of poverty. These were evaluated as very highly acceptable. In the light of these findings, it is concluded that the poor families are at a disadvantaged position compared to their non-poor counterparts. The dimensions in which there are noted to have significant differences between poor and non-poor families are subject to program intervention, the prioritization of which can be based on the magnitude of disparity. Likewise, there are various non-monetary based indicators that significantly determine the poverty status of families indicating that poverty is multidimensional. The significant indicators can also serve as basis in priority program intervention. It is also concluded that the ORB has been institutionalized as the government’s program to fight poverty but it continues to face some challenges. The rating of its services as highly responsive to the needs of the beneficiaries could be an inspiration to the implementers. It is recommended that anti-poverty program implementers should consider the areas where the poor families are disadvantaged and where there are significant differences between poor and non-poor families. Along the policy recommendations and following the policy of convergence, concerned entities and institutions should craft specific policies, draft strategic and operational guidelines and allocate enough resources for their adoption and successful implementation. Adopting to the situation in La Union, the ORB should sustain its battle cry “Continuity and Innovation.”Item Digital literacy of senior high school teachers:(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University -Open University System, 2019) Baliton, Cristina B.The advent of the K-12 curriculum challenges language and communication teachers to establish digital literacy skills and to hone effective mechanisms employing platforms in teaching-learning interactions. This mandates a framework which can illustrate and support the application of these educational changes in their respective classrooms. The study made use of qualitative case study design which identified the digital literacy and mechanisms of Senior High School teachers in teaching Oral Communication in Context and Media and Information Literacy. The study delved into the conditions teaching Oral School teachers in state universities and colleges teaching oral Communication in Context and Media and Information Literacy which are core subjects stipulated in the K-12 curriculum of the Department of Education. The merged teaching of these subjects by language and communication teachers was brought about by the lack of teachers who are trained for ICT and digital pedagogies and a framework for their professional advancement. Thirteen teacher participants from two state universities were identifies using purposive sampling. Using structured interviews in gathering data and classroom observation and focus group discussions among students for triangulation, results revealed that Senior High School teachers possessed digital literacy skills in filtering, curating, collaborating and re purposing. Likewise, examining content, executing varied instruction and technologies and evaluating learning outcomes were their mechanisms in preparing lessons, delivering instructions and giving feedbacks. Based from these results, a framework entitled Lenses and Modes of Digital Literacy of Senior High School teachers was developed. Anchored from the findings, it is concluded that Senior High School teachers are adapting to digital transformations in the classroom. Their exposure to new media and technology which can be better employed with the use of technology which enhances their instructional processes. Hence, it is recommended that further trainings and seminars on digital literacy for professional advancement among teachers should be designed, curriculum policies intensifying digital literacy skills and digitally apt instructional practices could be instructional practices could be included as one of the core concerns for organizational and faculty development plans and further researchers on framework for digital literacy and mechanisms in Senior High School classrooms for Oral Communication and Media and Information Literacy could be enhanced to further provide better inputs and holistic outputs for teachers and learners.Item Development of automatic fire emergency alert locator(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2024-05) Lorilla, Lemuel A.; Fernandez, Eunice D.; Jacusalem, Maryjoy Denisse R.; Morales, Kaye T.; Nerveza, Renmark D.Across the country, fire has been a perennial problem due to weather and combustible materials often used in residential and industrial structures. In a fire emergency, quick and effective emergency response is crucial. Immediate action can save lives, minimize injuries, and reduce property damage. This study aimed to develop and test the capability of the Automatic Fire Emergency Alert Locator ( A.F.E.A.L.) in sending fire emergency alert information to a predefined contact (during fire emergency is the Bureau of Fire Protection). The Developmental Research Design was utilized to satisfy the objectives presented in this study which includes designing, constructing, and testing the device's technical performance. The Automatic Fire Emergency Alert Locator (A.F.E.AL.) was able to send a text message requesting an emergency response to the location of the residence, a call, and or through the internet with Google Maps for more specific location.Item Performance of Peanut varieties under Abut, City of San Fernando, La Union condition(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2016-03) Valdez, Nelia C.Improving and selecting good varieties of peanut will enhance farmer’s income and will also address the scarcity supply of peanuts in the country due to the increasing demand. This study was conducted to evaluate the promising peanut varieties (V1- BPI Pn 2, V2- Damurog, V3- 3 Seeded, V4- UPL Pn 10 and , the check V5- BPI Pn 9) that are high yielding under Abut, City of San Fernando, La Union Condition from November to February employing the Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks. 3-Seeded significantly exhibited the tallest (19.27), produced the greatest number of seed per pod (3.03) and obtained the heaviest dried pod yield (2166.67 g/plot or 2256.94 kg/ha). There were no significant differences noted on the mean days of flowering and maturity, number of pods per plant, fresh pod yield, shelling percentage, bean yield and survival rate.Item Migration intentions among Mathematics educators in higher education institutions (HEI) in Batangas, Philippines(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-Mid La Union Campus, 2026-04) Catapang, Lea A.; Siong, Venus D.; Boado, Noemi M.; Aurelio, Aloysius J.; Torres, Doreen A.; Cacayan, Josephine E.; Duran, Isidro L.This study investigated the migration intentions of mathematics educators in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Batangas Province during Academic Year 2025–2026. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 150 mathematics educators via a researcher-developed questionnaire. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, Chi-square tests with Cramér’s V, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine relationships among institutional, individual, and external factors; job satisfaction; selected demographics; and migration intentions. Findings indicate that external opportunities and individual career aspirations are the primary drivers of migration intention, while demographic characteristics, institutional factors, and job satisfaction play lesser or indirect roles. Although educators exhibit strong consideration of working abroad, preparatory actions remain moderate, revealing an aspiration–action gap. The structural model explained 29.3% of the variance in migration intention, highlighting substantial explanatory power. These results underscore the need for higher education institutions and policymakers to align career development, global exposure, and retention strategies with educators’ professional ambitions to mitigate potential workforce attrition.Item Palliative nursing care of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - Mid La Union Campus, 2016-12) Abriam, Jerry A.; Nisperos, Paulito C.; Nisperos, Eleanor Cynthia V.; Aurelio, Aloysius. J.; Bangug, Mirasol M.; Bernardo, Gertrudes Q.; Pagaduan, Zenserly D.The study determined the delivery of palliative nursing care of ESRD patients in selected hemodialysis centers in Region I. It also identified the level of satisfaction on the quality of life of ESRD patients. This study involved 80 hemodialysis nurses and 252 ESRD patients as respondents of the study. The study used descriptive research and utilized weighted mean, Pearson r and spearman rank correlation. Results of the study showed the level of palliative care competencies of nurse respondents along; (a) physical domain, (b) psycho-social domain (c) spiritual domain; (d) ethico-legal domain and found out that nurses perceived themselves "highly competent". The level of supportive care competencies by hemodialysis nurses along; (a) philosophy of care (b) end of life care and death management; (c) loss grief bereavement support (d) Professional Development is found to be "highly competent", respectively. Moreover, the level of quality of life of ESRD patients along; (a) Physical need is "moderately satisfied"; (b) psycho-social needs is found to be "highly satisfied"; while (c) spiritual needs is "highly satisfied"; A statistically significant positive correlation was found between palliative nursing care competencies and supportive care rendered to ESRD patients. In contrast, the level of palliative nursing competencies is negatively correlated with the quality of life of ESRD patients. Academic plan is suggested to enhance the course curriculum of nursing in palliative care for ESRD patients.Item Welfare status of horses used for ecotourism in the Heritage City of Vigan(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University - North La Union Campus, 2017-05) Balverde, Anjellica Niña A.; Tabije, Nida B.; Fontanilla Jr., Priscilo P.; Camalig, Fe M.This study was conducted to determine: (1) the profile of the horse’s handlers; (2) the various management practices on horses relative to housing, feeding, grooming and presence of veterinary medical care and services; (3) the welfare status of horses relative to the five basic freedoms of animals and; (4) to identify the level of compliance on the implementation of the five basic freedoms of animals in horses by the respondents. The descriptive method of investigation through the use of questionnaire was used and was carried out to the 120 calesa operators at Vigan City. Results revealed that majority of the calesa operators were male,high school graduates, have been on the calesa operation for more than 10 years and most were un aware of both the animal welfare act and on the rules and regulations governing the welfare of horses, as to the management practices horse’s work vary depending on seasonality, most horses are raised through tethering, fed three times a day with both commercial feeds and forages, are treated by veterinarians and all are being groomed. The welfare status of horses used for ecotourism in Vigan City, has met the criterion along with the five basic freedoms and has a satisfactory remarks on the respondent’s level of compliance except for the indicator freedom from pain and discomfort.Item Special education program of the Department of Education in La Union(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union Campus, 2016-03) Abad, Gloria C.; Ochoco, Cedric Anthony E.; Dela Cruz, Manolito F.; Nisperos, Paulito C.; Aurelio, Aloysius J.; Acantilado, Ma. Teresa Y.; Abulencia, Emeliza P.Equitable access to educational opportunities and achieving quality education is the concern of everyone. Hence, this study assessed the SPED program of the Department of Education in La Union. Specifically, it determined the teachers' and pupils' profile, level of awareness and attainment of the philosophy, goals, and objectives of SPED program, extent of implementation and support to SPED program, as well as capabilities and constraints. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were employed to the 121 respondents. This study found out that most of the teacher respondents' age bracket ranges from 21- 40, predominantly female, baccalaureate degree holders, most specialize in SPED, handle mostly intellectually disabled children, held Teacher I and SPED Teacher I positions, served within 1-5 years, and have attended trainings and seminars on local and national levels. There were more male pupils than female and mostly are gifted/talented. The respondents were highly aware and highly attained on the philosophy, goals, and objectives of the SPED program. They also moderately implemented and moderately supported the SPED program. Identification, screening, assessment, and evaluation of children, school admission and organization of classes, organizational patterns, school plant facilities, personnel recruitment welfare and development, administration and supervision, parent education and community involvement, linkages, public information, education and communication, funding, and curriculum were the constraints. Based on the findings of the study, the Six-Year Development Plan for SPED Program in La Union was formulated.Publication Administrative capability of la union provincial disaster risk reduction and management council(Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University -Open University System, 2024) Masudog, Mark Angelo C.Disasters mainly caused by natural hazards, may inevitably leave massive devastation. The Philippines is considered the most disaster-prone area in the world, among 193 nations, according to world risk index report 2022. Section 11 of the Republic act no. 10121, or the Philippine DRRM Act of 2010, mandates every provinces, city and municipality to establish a DRRM council. The Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils shall cease to exist and its powers and functions shall henceforth be assumed by the existing barangay. The law mandates the local DRRM offices underate programs, activities and projects that will cater to the needs of the communities before, during and after disasters. Different implementations must be done to prevent, mitigate, prepare, respond to and recover from these disasters.