Production and characterization of solar sea salt in La Union, Philippines

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creativework.keywordsCharacterization, Heavy metal, HDPE, Microbial content, Solar sea salt
dc.contributor.authorTabafunda, Junifer Rey E.
dc.contributor.authorTadeo, Andie John D.
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-12T07:37:37Z
dc.date.available2025-11-12T07:37:37Z
dc.date.issued2024-02-20
dc.description.abstractThe Philippine salt industry has declined due to various factors such as climate change, age old laborious production methods, and changes in livelihood preferences. To jumpstart the revival of the salt industry in the province of La Union, a small-scale salt production process for coastal communities was developed using solar evaporation of seawater on the HDPE platform. The quality of seawater and the produced solar sea salt were determined based on physicochemical analysis, microbial and heavy metal contamination tests and salt yield. The study used four treatments based on the volume of seawater poured into the HDPE platform: T1, 100 li; T2, 200 li; T3, 300 li; T4, 400 li. The study was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Test for further test of significance using SPSS version 23. The salinity of seawater, taken at a depth of 0.59 meters, was 35-37 ppt, the water temperature was 29.1 - 31.54 ⁰C, and the pH was 8.21 - 8.03. The solar drying to produce sea salt took 7-19 days, depending on seawater quantity, and the highest yield was attained in T3 with three monthly production cycles. The NaCl content of produced sea salt ranged from 81.93±0.87 - 82.57±0.20 %, and Iodine (I) content of 46.03±0.94 - 48.16±1.96 mg/kg. Inorganic arsenic (i-As) was in a range of 0.075±0.75- 76.81±1.91 μg/g, and lead (Pb) content from 9.07±0.71 - 9.41±0.48 mg/kg. Salmonella was not detected, while E. coli, and S. aureus were within the microbiological limits for the food-grade product
dc.identifier.citationTabafunda, J. R. E., & Tadeo, Andie J. D. (2024). Production and characterization of solar sea salt in La Union, Philippines. International Journal of Biosciences, 24(2), 166-174. dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/24.2.166-174
dc.identifier.doidx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/24.2.166-174
dc.identifier.issn2220-6655
dc.identifier.issne2222-5234
dc.identifier.urihttps://lakasa.dmmmsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/620
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInternational Journal of Biosciences
dc.relation.urihttps://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IJB-V24-No2-p166-174.pdf
dc.rights.licenseCC BY 4.0
dc.sdgSDG 4
dc.sdgSDG 9
dc.subjectSalt deposits
dc.subjectSalt
dc.subjectSalt industry and trade
dc.subjectSalt industry and trade--Philippines--La Union
dc.subjectSea salt
dc.subjectSolar drying
dc.subject.ddcSalt deposits (Halite)
dc.subject.ddcSalt industry
dc.subject.lcshSalt industry and trade--Philippines--La Union
dc.subject.lcshSalt--Analysis
dc.subject.lcshSea salt--Production--Philippines
dc.subject.lcshSeawater--Evaporation--Research--Philippines
dc.subject.lcshHeavy metals--Environmental aspects--Philippines
dc.subject.lcshFood contamination--Testing
dc.subject.lcshSolar drying--Industrial applications
dc.titleProduction and characterization of solar sea salt in La Union, Philippines
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.accessRightsOpen access
oaire.citation.endPage174
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.startPage166
oaire.citation.volume24
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