Research and Extension Journal

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A review on the intensive, highly competitive and invasive nature of Picea: A basis for natural forest management of Picea for global ecological sustainability
(DMMMSU, 2023-12-01) Aban, Jomar L.; Fajardo, Weenalei T.; Omokaro, Godspower Oke
Species diversity and biogeography is basically affected by site history. To provide an insightful basis in understanding the current distribution of Picea, paleoecological and historical assessment must be undertaken. In this study, the current schematic distribution of Picea is re-evaluated using secondhand resources as baseline information in assessing their dispersal and colonization as affected by their strategic tolerance and resilient features making them one of those globally distributed species. Thirty refereed journals were used in this descriptive-type of meta analysis to scrutinize the intensive life processes, highly competitive nature and invasive capacity of Picea to out-compete co-occurring species until the present day. Implications of this study can be used for conservation strategies more specifically in natural forest management plans to ensure that we go beyond saving and start promoting Picea species for sustainability most especially because this species is of great ecological and economic importance.
Assessment of the Wellness and Self-care Strategiesof Drug Surrenderers in San Fernando City, La Union:A Basis for an Intervention Program
(DMMMSU, 2018-12-01) Barbadillo, Claudia Denise P.; Salamanca, Luzviminda F.
The war on drugs in the Philippines aroused queries from the community and from neighboring countries. Disputes concerning drug rehabilitation programs and human rights violations have been a target for scrutiny. Around 1.8 million drug users are present in the country. Local government units are mandated to put up community-based rehabilitation programs to prevent and eradicate drug abuse. Barangay Anti-Drug Action Council is revitalized to address peace and order.The objective of this study is to evaluate the wellness and self-care strategies of 307 drug surrenderers using descriptive research design with questionnaire and standardized test as tools. Personal and psychological profile, degree of problems related todrug use, problems encountered and degree of effects along the implementation of PNP Oplan Double Barrel “Project Tokhang and degree of self-care strategies employed are variables explored as bases for the formulation of an intervention program.Majority are male adults, unmarried, Php5,000 and below monthly income earners and high school graduates. Emotions Profile Index Personality test reveals tendencies towards depression, isolation from social contacts, withdrawn, anxiousness and cautious personality traits. Drug Abuse Screening Test yields a low level score implying further monitoring and re-assessment.Top three problems encountered are; (1) Being dragged to the police station when resisted to surrender, (2) Forced to list down known drug user or drug pusher and (3) No chance to consult lawyer before surrendering. Project Tokhang has no effect on the life aspects of participants. Spiritual self-care strategy is infrequently utilized.
Asset Guard: A Multi-Platform AssetManagement System Using QR Code and Geolocation
(DMMMSU, 2019-12-01) Hortizuela , Manny R.
This study aimed to develop a multi-platform asset management system to automate the management and tracking of assets issued to employees. Specifically, it determined the policies and procedures in issuing and monitoring assets, developed a mobile property management system using extreme programming, measure the level of acceptability using ISO IEEE 9126. Descriptive and developmental research design were used wherein the Extreme Programming Framework was adapted as a paradigm in the development of the software. Five IT experts and one property custodian determined the level of acceptability of the asset management system using checklist as data gathering tools. Findings showed that DMMMSU followed policies and procedures mandated by the Commission on Audit; the Extreme Programming development framework and JQuery was utilized to develop the system, materialize with PHP and MySQL as its back-end application best run using apache server; and the usability of the asset management system is high. The system development framework, programming language used were applied to efficiently design, develop and implement the asset management system at its best performance. The asset management system of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University is very usable.IntroductionAssets are item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to the organization. Value can be tangible or intangible, financial or non-financial, and includes considerations of risk and liabilities (ISO 55000, 2014). Likewise, Bragg (2016) classified asset as a tangible such as a money, machine and people and intangible, such as a patent or a copyright. In addition, Folger Research Article
Awareness And Prevalence of Needle Stick Injury Among Nurses in the District Hospitals of La Union
(DMMMSU, 2022-12-01) Zamudio, Led Karen R.
Needle stick injuries (NSI) were recognized as one of the world's most common health risks. In the pursuit of their daily tasks in the health care setting, nurses were at high risk of occupational accidents and injury. The study was conducted to assess the needle stick injury among nurses in district hospitals in La Union. Specifically, it sought to evaluate the awareness of nurses regarding needle stick injury; to describe the prevalence of needle stick injury among nurses in La Union District Hospitals; and to review existing district hospital protocols on the management of needle stick injury. Frequency counts and percentage were used to analyze the data. Nurses were aware on needle stick injury. There was a high prevalence of needle stick injury due to recapping for the past five years. District hospitals had protocols guided by the World Health Organization and Department of Health on Needle Stick Injury.
CAS stakeholders’ awareness and acceptabilityon the university philosophy, vision, mission, goal, college goal andprogram objectives
(DMMMSU, 2021-12-01) Macato, Dannilyn U.
This descriptive study determined the awareness and acceptability of the various stakeholders of the College of Arts and Sciences on the University’s PVMG, college goal and the objectives of the four programs it offered. Survey questionnaires were administered to a total of 615 respondents including faculty member, students, parents, cooperating agencies, and service barangays. Results of the study revealed that stakeholders generally had high awareness of the DMMMSU Philosophy, Vision, Mission, and Goal, as well as the college goal and program objectives. CAS faculty members had the highest awareness while the service barangay had a relatively lower awareness, among the other stakeholder groups. Moreover, the CAS faculty members and students, as internal stakeholders, gave the highest acceptance of the DMMMSU Philosophy, Vision, Mission, and Goal, as well as the college goal and program objectives which signified that they fully understood and accepted the PVMGO statements.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Familiesalong the Coastal Areas of Northern La Union
(DMMMSU, 2019-12-01) Abellera, Priscilla S.
This study is generally descriptive and quantitative in nature. The required data were gathered by means of a pre-tested, researcher-made questionnaire administered to ten families selected randomly in each of the selected coastal barangays of Northern La Union. There were 500 participants (250 husbands and 250 wives) in the study. Families in the coastal areas are composed mostly of middle-aged parents, with the wives being slightly younger than the husband, having a maximum of three children. Mostly are high school graduates and lower, however a higher percentage of the wives have a college degree or higher. 52.4% of the respondents have stayed in the community for more than ten years. Generally, they depend on fishing and farming as their source of income, though majority of the college graduates are employed in government and private agencies. Some climate change adaptation strategies are highly-gendered, meaning, during disasters, practices that require strength and agility are practiced by the husband, while domestic strategies are done by wife. Awareness of adaptation strategies does not necessarily lead to practice, because there might be hindrances that might affect the practice of these strategies.
Development of Worktext in Chemistry 101
(DMMMSU, 2019-12-01) Leonen, Rodel B.; Ami, Marie Luz F.; Daganta , Raquel L.; Marquez, Geraldine N.
This study aimed to develop a worktext in Chemistry 101 for the College of Technology students. Specifically, the study sought to determine the level of performance in Chemistry 101, to develop a worktext in Chemistry 101 and determine its validity and usability. This study used the descriptive method to evaluate and validate the developed worktext using the questionnaire-checklist in gathering data.It was conducted at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-Mid La Union Campus during the school year 2015-2016 with 1179 students as subjects for the level of performance, and 327 students and six faculty members teaching Chemistry subject as respondents. Frequency and weighted means were used in the analysis and interpretation of the data. The findings revealed that the first year COT students from school years 2012-2013 to 2015-16 have a passing performance. Further, the developed worktext has a very high validity and is very useful as perceived by the students.
Effectiveness of the Implementation on “No Segregation, No Collection” Measures (Bacnotan MO No. 481 s. 2014 CII S7): The Case of DMMMSU Adjacent Barangays
(DMMMSU, 2022-12-01) Badua, Rowena T.
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the “No Segregation, No Collection” measures. A descriptive, correlational, and developmental designs were used in this study with 235 respondents of the DMMMSU NLUC adjacent barangays—Sapilang, Casiaman, and Arosip. It employed an adapted and an enhanced questionnaire concerning the effectiveness of the implementation of the “No Segregation, No Collection” measures and their awareness and practices. Data were gathered, analyzed, and interpreted using frequency, percentage distribution, and correlation analysis. Results showed that few of the respondents were in their late 30’s, a great majority were females, many were college graduates, many have an income of Php 5,000 and below, and many have a household size of 5. Moreover, the respondents were moderately aware on solid waste management on collection and transportation, and on practices in reduce, reuse and recycle, and highly aware on practices in terms of segregation. The household exhibited a very high level of awareness of the “No Segregation, No Collection” measures. The household size significantly influenced the level of awareness on solid waste management.
Efficacy of Propolis Tincture as Antiseptic in Wounds
(DMMMSU, 2018-12-01) Tuyan, Arvin C.; Akilith, Carolyn C.; Sobrepeña, rvin F.; Lopez , Shirley O.
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of propolis tincture as affected by the concentrations and the time/duration of healing the wounds in male castrated piglets.The different concentrations of propolis tincture have comparable effects to Povidone iodine. However the 30% propolis tincture and Povidone iodine have comparably faster healing effects within 10 days compared to 10%and 20% propolis tincture. Significant decrease in the length of wounds was observed during the duration of the healing process. Results further revealed no significant interaction among the different concentrations of propolis tincture and the duration of healing the wounds.Production of propolis tincture was found to be profitable.IntroductionThe primary products of the honeybees are honey wax, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, venom, queens and the brood s. These can be utilized in their original state as produced by the honeybees, however there are other additional uses only as part among the ingredients of another new products. Their addition to other products usually enhances the value or quality of the secondary products. The addition of propolis in different formulations of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is being done because of the effects derived from such.Propolis is a mixture of numerous amounts of beewax and resins collected by honeybees from plants. Research has demonstrated its anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. According to Chernyak (1971) as cited by Krell(1996), one the most Research Article
Employment and Performance of Graduates: Basis for an Extension Project
(DMMMSU, 2023-12-01) Collado, Violeta F.; Espero, Mary Rose D.
One of the biggest challenges in teacher education is employment. Teacher education graduates are required to pass the Board License Examination for Professional Teachers (BLEPT) before applying to a public school. We conducted this study to identify the profile, employment status, BLEPT performance, and training needs of teacher education graduates. A descriptive method, documentary analysis, a questionnaire, and a mediated interview were utilized. The frequency counts, percentages, and ranks were used to analyze data. Results showed that most of the graduates are female and specialize in general education, and technology and livelihood education. There are 66.20% graduates who passed the BLEPT, and 61.90% are already employed. Moreover, 116 alumni are teaching in both public and private schools; 67.77% of them need training on teaching strategies. The study's output is the formulation of an extension project to assist the alumni in enhancing their performance in their workplace. This extension project might address gaps in teaching competencies of graduates that could contribute to their promotion and employment. Moreover, this extension initiative will be of great help for those who failed in the licensure examination.
Extent of Readiness of Grade 10 Students of DMMMSU-SLUC Laboratory High School in General Mathematics
(DMMMSU, 2019-12-01) Villanueva, Ernesto N.
The teaching of Mathematics is designed spirally wherein prerequisite skills and knowledge play a vital role in the development of higher-level skills and knowledge. This study determined the extent of readiness of Grade 10 students of DMMMSU-SLUC, Laboratory High School for Senior High School and College Readiness Standards based on their mastery level along functions and relations; rational expressions, equations, and inequalities; exponential expressions, equations, and inequalities; and graphs and properties of polynomial functions. The descriptive research and mean percentage score were the design and data analysis tools utilized.The results of the analyses indicated that the respondents have a “closely approximating mastery” level for Functions and Relations, and Graphs and Properties of Polynomial Functions while “moving towards mastery” level for Rational and Exponential Expressions, Equations, and Inequalities. The participants are generally “ready” for SHS General Mathematics and for College Readiness Standards.
Factors Affecting the Awareness and Attitudesof Consumers on Organic Products
(DMMMSU, 2018-12-01) Cabrera,Necitas M.
To spur the growth of the organic industry there is a need to raise awareness and understanding about organic agriculture/farming and organic products especially among consumers. The study aimed to identify factors that affect consumer knowledge and attitudes toward organic products. Specifically, it sought to know the basic characteristics of organic consumers, their awareness of the socio-economic and health aspects of organic products, their attitudes toward organic products in terms of purchasing habits, willingness to patronize other organic products and support system needed and the correlation between the basic characteristics of consumers and their awareness and attitudes toward organic products. Awareness and attitudes were measured using weighted means. The Pearson r correlation analysis was used to determine factors that affect consumers’ awareness and attitudes.Results show that length of time, the kind of product being consumed and the volume of consumption are factors that significantly relate with the awareness of consumers on the health benefits of organic consumption. Purchasing habits of consumers are influenced by how long they have been organic consumers, what kind of organic product they regularly consume and how much they consume on a regular basis.Consumers’ willingness to try other organic products depends on the kind and the volume of organic product being consumed. Younger consumers need less reason to increase consumption than older ones.Research Article
Ginger Rhizome Size Performance in Plantlets Production
(DMMMSU, 2018-12-01) Omo, Genaro D.
In crop production, the latest method of rapid propagation of planting materials is the in vitro method. However, the in vivo method has also the potential for rapid propagation and it could be adopted by any farmer. The plantlets are adaptable to varied climatic conditions, therefore the plantlets could be directly transferred to the field. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the different ginger rhizome sizes in producing plantlets as planting materials and to determine the most profitable size for plantlet production. Result revealed a comparable highest number of plantlets per sett produced in the 125g and 150g rhizomes. However, the smallest size of rhizome at 50g produced the most number of plantlets per kilogram sett. Bigger sizes of seed rhizomes (75g, 100g, 125g, and 150g) were comparably profitable in producing plantlets as planting materials as revealed by ROI ranging from 106.00% to 107.81%.
Growth and yield of tilapia hybrid (red tilapia) in aquaponics system
(DMMMSU, 2021-12-01) Tadeo, Faith S.; Malaya, Victoria N.
An aquaponics system was studied through the integrated culture of tilapia hybrid (Red Tilapia) and lettuce var. Estrosa in a recirculating system for 100 days. Red Tilapia with an Average Body Weight (ABW) of 36.99g were stocked in two treatments, 80 fish/m3 (Treatment I) and 100 fish/m3 (Treatment II), to assess the fish growth, survival, yield and production of lettuce. Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in Treatment I was 1.03 and Treatment II, 1.14. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) varies from 1.83 to 1.90, associated with stocking density. Treatment II incurred the highest survival rate of 92.85% while Treatment I has 90.19%. Biomass production of red tilapia was significantly higher in Treatment I with 1,761.00 g than in Treatment II with 1,341.00 g (p = 0.012). Highest yield of lettuce was obtained during the second cropping with 250.00g for Treatment I and 202.00g for Treatment II, but no significant difference was observed between the two treatments. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between red tilapia weights and water quality parameters such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, and DO. However, a significant positive relationship was revealed between the biomass of lettuce and nitrite during the first cropping in Treatment II. This study demonstrated the stocking density of 80 fish/m3 had better effect on the growth, FCR, and biomass production of red tilapia under an aquaponics system.
Indigenous Knowledge and Practices on Climate Change in Selected Barangays of La Union: Towards Community Resilience
(DMMMSU, 2017-12-01) Abellera ,Priscilla S.
This study validated the indigenous knowledge and practices on climate change in selected upland barangays of the six indigenous municipalities of La Union. It utilized the participatory action research design in which those involved in the research participated and were consulted in the listing and validation of indigenous knowledge and practices. Barangays of the indigenous municipalities were selected as areas of the study due to the remoteness of the places which impedes the availability of access to scientific weather forecasts through television, newspapers, radios or even the internet. The key-informants were senior citizens who have resided in the area for at least thirty years. They were chosen as respondents because they have a good knowledge of the environment and long periods of residence enabled them to acquire understanding on environmental indicators and how they are used to predict weather and adapt to climate change. This study found out that the key-informants have been using their observations of the following: a) environment, b) celestial bodies, and c) animal behavior in forecasting typhoons, droughts or even good weather conditions. Most of the indigenous knowledge and practices before a disaster were rated valid, meaning the prediction really happened, the indigenous knowledge and practices are widely used in the community, used for more than one generation, still being used and effective in predicting weather conditions. Use of plants to forecast weather conditions has low validity. Majority of the indigenous knowledge and practices during and after a disaster were rated highly valid. These validated indigenous knowledge and practices have their scientific explanations.
Insect visitors of rambutan (Nepheliumlappaceum),Black plum (Syzygiumcumini) and cashew (Anacardiumoccidentale)
Instability of nata formation by Acetobacter acetisubsp. xylinumand a new nata-producing isolate using seaweed pulp extract
(DMMMSU, 2017-12-01) Mamaril, Eden F.; Galvez, Gerry N.
A total of nine(9) isolates from nata starter/ mother liquor and five (5) isolates from fresh seaweed pulp extract (SPE) were isolated and screened for ability to produce/ form nata pellicle in glucose-yeast extract (GYE), Hassid and barker broth(HBB) and coconut water media (CWM). The best isolates EM23 from SPE and EFM from nata starter/ mother liquor proved to be stable in producing nata up to 4thtransfer in sterile and up to 2ndtransfer in non-sterile seaweed pulp extract medium (PEM).Contaminants significantly affected the formation of nata. Nata yields and total plate counts of the isolates decreased with increased total bacterial and yeast counts. Yeast species formed films on the surface of fermenting medium thus competed with the nata organisms for both space and oxygen. Contaminants were identified to be Candida, Saccharomyces, Acetobacter, Bacillus, Leuconostocand Pediococcus. The buildup of these contaminants was accompanied with increases in pH and alcohol levels and increase in total acidity of the medium.
Interlanguage pragmatics of pre-service teachers on face threatening speech acts
(DMMMSU, 2017-12-01) Padrigan, Arniel
Interlanguage Pragmatics presents how nonnative speakers understand and perform linguistic action in a target language, and how they acquire L2 pragmatic knowledge (Kasper, 1996; Cai L. and Wang Y., 2013). The study assessed the interlanguage pragmatics of pre-service teachers by determining the level of pragmatic comprehension and the appropriateness of the production of responses to situations as bases for the development of instructional plan/design for the module. The study used descriptive survey method utilizing discourse completion tasks to gather data from the forty-two (42) CTED pre-service teachers which were analyzed using frequency count, percentages, mean and ranking. Results of the study revealed that the level of interlanguagepragmaticcompetence of the pre-service teachers was very good and they produced appropriate responses to communicative situations involving the speech acts of greeting, refusing, apologizing and requesting. Furthermore, an instructional design was formulated as a basis for the development of the module in teaching pragmatics to enhance the interlanguage pragmatics of the pre-service teachers.
Laying Performance of Chicken Fed with Ginger Powder
(DMMMSU, 2018-12-01) Aglipay, Medelyn A.; Rodriguez, Cynthia M.
This study was conducted to determine the laying performance of layer chickens supplemented with different levels of ginger powder in terms of hen-housed egg production( HHEP) in percent, quality of egg, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and cost of feed to produce a dozen egg. Two-hundred forty head ready-to-lay pullets (Babcock White) at 28 weeks were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments replicated thrice. The treatments used were: T0-(control) pure commercial ration(PCR); T1-PCR + 1%ginger powder(GP); T2-PCR + 2% (GP); T3-PCR + 3% (GP). Egg production of the experimental birds were conducted in 12 months. Results showed that supplementing layer chickens with 1% to 3% ginger powder resulted to a generally higher monthly HHEP(%) compared to the control birds. Supplementation of ginger powder from 1% -3% resulted to higher percentage of large, medium and small eggs. Better FCR was also noted in birds supplemented with ginger powder resulting to lower cost of feed to produce a dozen eggs. Supplementation of ginger powder at 1% can be used to layer chicken for better performance.
Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Decoctionas Growth Enhancer in the Drinking Water of Broilers

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