Estacio, Joel Casuga2026-08-192026-08-192017Estacio, J. C. (2017). The colors of paradigms and perspectives: Recognizing complexities, contentions, and transitions. Philippine Journal of Nursing, 87(1), 82–83.0048-3818https://lakasa.dmmmsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2380The paper presents the author's reflection on the development of paradigms and perspectives in nursing, focusing on the complexities, contentions, and transitions that have shaped nursing knowledge. It discusses the historical influence of positivism and natural sciences on nursing, criticisms of positivism, the emergence of postpositivism, critical theory, constructivism, and participatory paradigms, and the development of mixed-method approaches. The author emphasizes that nursing, as both a science and an art, requires flexible and context-dependent perspectives that recognize the complexities of human existence.enArticle